ArticleMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2016
Expression of Tumor-Related Macrophages and Cytokines After Surgery of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients and its Implications.
Article in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- From tumor microenvironment orchestrators to actionable targets: a systematic review of TAM-targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Dual roles and therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironments.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Genetically engineered macrophages reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve immunotherapeutic efficacy in TNBC.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Under Radiation Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Landscape of PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Subtypes in Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Brazil.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Article
- Spatial transcriptomic analysis of tumour with high and low CAIX expression in TNBC tissue samples using GeoMx™ RNA assay.Histology and histopathology · 2024Article
- Molecular Characterization, Expression, Evolutionary Selection, and Biological Activity Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Key Players in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer management and research · 2022Review
- Treatment Strategies Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Updated Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2022Review
- Prognostic Influence of Residual Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Subtype After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Novel miRNA Targets and Therapies in the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Microenvironment: An Emerging Hope for a Challenging Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- CD68- and CD163-positive tumor infiltrating macrophages in non-metastatic breast cancer: a retrospective study and meta-analysis.Journal of Cancer · 2019Article
- First international TNBC conference meeting report.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2018Article
- Breast Cancer-Derived Exosomes Alter Macrophage PolarizationFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin vs. Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin for Treatment of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer After Failure with Anthracyclines and Taxanes.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2017Article
- Identification of candidate genes associated with triple negative breast cancer.Genes & cancer · 2017Article
- Role of tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer and its prognostic significance.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has negative expression of progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor (ER), and low expression of human epithelial growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). This study aimed to investigate the expressional profile of cytokines in TNBC patients with significant expression of macrophages. MATERIAL/
methodsImmunohistochemical (IHC) S-P staining method was used to detect the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) marker CD68 expression in 48 cases of TNBC samples. The correlation between CD68 expression and prognosis was analyzed. Expressions of key cytokines--interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-5 (CCL-5), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)--were quantified by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
resultsThirty-four out of 48 TNBC samples (71.4%) had CD68-positive expression. IL-6 and CCL-5 were up-regulated in high-infiltrated tumors when compared to low-infiltrated samples. Other cytokines had no significant difference regarding the expression level across groups.
conclusionsTAMs were up-regulated in most TNBC patients after the surgery. Its expression suggested unfavorable prognosis, especially in the high-infiltrated group. Those tumors with more macrophage also had elevated expression of cytokine IL-6 and chemotactic factor CCL-5, both of which have potency to be clinical index and drug target for TNBC.
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