ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
Mycobacterium leprae-Infected Macrophages Preferentially Primed Regulatory T Cell Responses and Was Associated with Lepromatous Leprosy.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- miRNome Expression Analysis Reveals New Players on Leprosy Immune Physiopathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Decoding leprosy: immune response, clinical manifestations and emerging diagnostic approaches.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Review
- Increased CD8Immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Neurological Manifestations of Leprosy: Clinical Insights and Implications.Cureus · 2025Review
- Genomic and Phenotypic Variations Among Thai-53 andPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Microbes, macrophages, and melanin: a unifying theory of disease as exemplified by cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Regulatory T cells in erythema nodosum leprosum maintain anti-inflammatory function.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- A 5-year evaluation of chemoprophylactic treatment in elementary school children with subclinical leprosy.Biomedical reports · 2021Article
- Progress of the Art of Macrophage Polarization and Different Subtypes in Mycobacterial Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Large-Scale Gene Expression Signatures Reveal a Microbicidal Pattern of Activation inFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Host Immune-Metabolic Adaptations Upon Mycobacterial Infections and Associated Co-Morbidities.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Pathogenesis and Host Immune Response in Leprosy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection Impairs NKG2D-Dependent NK Cell Cytotoxicity through Regulatory T-Cell Activation.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- The cell fate regulator NUPR1 is induced by Mycobacterium leprae via type I interferon in human leprosy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Functional aspects, phenotypic heterogeneity, and tissue immune response of macrophages in infectious diseases.Infection and drug resistance · 2019Article
- IL-13-regulated Macrophage Polarization during Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro Human Sarcoidosis Model.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2019Article
- LiveAmerican journal of translational research · 2018Article
- Serum Levels of Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) andFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Host Lipid Mediators in Leprosy: The Hypothesized Contributions to Pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe persistence of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) infection is largely dependent on the types of host immune responses being induced. Macrophage, a crucial modulator of innate and adaptive immune responses, could be directly infected by M. leprae. We therefore postulated that M. leprae-infected macrophages might have altered immune functions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsHere, we treated monocyte-derived macrophages with live or killed M. leprae, and examined their activation status and antigen presentation. We found that macrophages treated with live M. leprae showed committed M2-like function, with decreased interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and MHC class II molecule expression and elevated IL-10 and CD163 expression. When incubating with naive T cells, macrophages treated with live M. leprae preferentially primed regulatory T (Treg) cell responses with elevated FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, while interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) expression and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity were reduced. Chromium release assay also found that live M. leprae-treated macrophages were more resistant to CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity than sonicated M. leprae-treated monocytes. Ex vivo studies showed that the phenotype and function of monocytes and macrophages had clear differences between L-lep and T-lep patients, consistent with the in vitro findings. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Together, our data demonstrate that M. leprae could utilize infected macrophages by two mechanisms: firstly, M. leprae-infected macrophages preferentially primed Treg but not Th1 or cytotoxic T cell responses; secondly, M. leprae-infected macrophages were more effective at evading CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.