ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2016
Pneumolysin activates neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular pneumolysin enhances the activation of cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor NOD2 through its pore-forming activity.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- "The NET effect": Neutrophil extracellular traps-a potential key component of the dysregulated host immune response in sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Endothelial Damage, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Platelet Activation in COVID-19 vs. Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Case-Control Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Global Burden of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults, Encompassing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and the Prevalence of Its Associated Cardiovascular Events, with a Focus on Pneumolysin and Macrolide Antibiotics in Pathogenesis and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cholesterol dependent cytolysins and the brain: Revealing a potential therapeutic avenue for bacterial meningitis.AIMS microbiology · 2023Review
- Streptococcus pneumoniae exerts oxidative stress, subverts antioxidant signaling and autophagy in human corneal epithelial cells that is alleviated by tert-Butylhydroquinone.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- Bacterial pore-forming toxins.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2022Article
- The Yin and Yang of Pneumolysin During Pneumococcal Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Platelets after Pneumolysin Exposure.Cells · 2021Article
- Clarithromycin Inhibits Pneumolysin Production via Downregulation ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Association between age and infection in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2021Article
- The Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Elastase in Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Platelets and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- From Stable to Lab-Investigating Key Factors for Sudden Deaths Caused byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Opening the OPK Assay Gatekeeper: Harnessing Multi-Modal Protection by Pneumococcal Vaccines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- A Flow Cytometry-Based Assay for High-Throughput Detection and Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Mixed Cell Populations.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2019Article
- Multifaceted Role of Pneumolysin in the Pathogenesis of Myocardial Injury in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- The interrelationship between phagocytosis, autophagy and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps following infection of human neutrophils by Streptococcus pneumoniae.Innate immunity · 2017Article
- Phenol-Soluble Modulin α Peptide Toxins from AggressiveFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps and the dysfunctional innate immune response of cystic fibrosis lung disease: a review.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The primary objective of the current study was to investigate the potential of the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin (Ply), to activate neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in vitro. Isolated human blood neutrophils were exposed to recombinant Ply (5-20 ng ml(-1) ) for 30-90 min at 37°C and NET formation measured using the following procedures to detect extracellular DNA: (i) flow cytometry using Vybrant® DyeCycle™ Ruby; (ii) spectrofluorimetry using the fluorophore, Sytox(®) Orange (5 μM); and (iii) NanoDrop(®) technology. These procedures were complemented by fluorescence microscopy using 4', 6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (nuclear stain) in combination with anti-citrullinated histone monoclonal antibodies to visualize nets. Exposure of neutrophils to Ply resulted in relatively rapid (detected within 30-60 min), statistically significant (P < 0·05) dose- and time-related increases in the release of cellular DNA impregnated with both citrullinated histone and myeloperoxidase. Microscopy revealed that NETosis appeared to be restricted to a subpopulation of neutrophils, the numbers of NET-forming cells in the control and Ply-treated systems (10 and 20 ng ml(-1) ) were 4·3 (4·2), 14.3 (9·9) and 16·5 (7·5), respectively (n = 4, P < 0·0001 for comparison of the control with both Ply-treated systems). Ply-induced NETosis occurred in the setting of retention of cell viability, and apparent lack of involvement of reactive oxygen species and Toll-like receptor 4. In conclusion, Ply induces vital NETosis in human neutrophils, a process which may either contribute to host defence or worsen disease severity, depending on the intensity of the inflammatory response during pneumococcal infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.