Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26748396›Full record

SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2016

Acceptance and Efficacy of Metacognitive Training (MCT) on Positive Symptoms and Delusions in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis Taking Into Account Important Moderators.

Carolin Eichner, Fabrice Berna

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04104347 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Does Metacognitive Training Improve Insight and Clinical Outcomes in Schizophrenia?

TypeinterventionalSponsorInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez DíazRan2019 to 2021Enrolled252ConditionsSchizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic DisordersArmsMetacognitive training (MCT), Support group
NCT07309302 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Psychosocial Determinants and Impact of a Synchronous Remote Cognitive Remediation Program on Individuals With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversité du Québec a MontréalRan2025 to 2026Enrolled64ConditionsPost Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSDArmsCognitive Remediation Training, Control Group
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Metacognitive training (MCT) for psychosis: a systematic review and grade recommendations.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Cognitive behavioural therapy (group) for schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Schizophrenia.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2020
    Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Exploring mechanisms of change in the metacognitive training for depression.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024
    Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
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  15. Trial
  16. Effects of Metacognitive Training on Cognitive Insight in a Sample of Patients with Schizophrenia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Trial
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  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Carolin EichnerFaculty of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany;
Fabrice Bernafabrice.berna@chru-strasbourg.fr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metacognitive training (MCT) is a new, widely used intervention for psychosis. The present meta-analysis examines the efficacy of MCT in schizophrenia. Fifteen studies comparing effects of MCT on positive symptoms, delusions or acceptance of MCT with a control group were included in this meta-analysis. These studies comprised a total of 408 patients in the MCT condition and 399 in the control condition. The moderating effects of masking of outcome assessment, randomization, incomplete outcome data, use of an active control intervention, and individual vs group MCT were investigated. Possible effects of sensitivity analyses and publication bias were also examined. The results show a significant overall effect of MCT for positive symptoms (g = -0.34, 95% CI [-0.53, -0.15]), delusions (g = -0.41, 95% CI [-0.74, -0.07]) and acceptance of the intervention (g = -0.84, 95% CI [-1.37, -0.31]). Using only studies being at low risk for bias regarding randomization, masking and incomplete outcome data reduced effect sizes for positive symptoms and delusions (g = -0.28, 95% CI [-0.50, -0.06] and g = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.43, 0.06]), respectively. This meta-analysis demonstrates that MCT exerts a small to moderate effect on delusions and positive symptoms and a large effect on acceptance of the intervention. The effect on delusions is reduced, but remains significant when potential biases are considered.

Indexed as

Cognitive RemediationDelusionsEffect Modifier, EpidemiologicHumansMetacognitionOutcome Assessment, Health CarePatient Acceptance of Health CarePsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaacceptancecognitive biasdelusionsmetacognitive trainingpsychosisrehabilitationschizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID26748396
PMCPMC4903058

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.