ArticleThe Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
Antiretroviral drugs saquinavir and ritonavir reduce inhibitory concentration values of itraconazole against Histoplasma capsulatum strains in vitro.
Article in The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-Treatment with Ritonavir or Sertraline Enhances Itraconazole Efficacy Against Azole-ResistantJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The evolution of antifungal therapy: Traditional agents, current challenges and future perspectives.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Review
- Ritonavir's Evolving Role: A Journey from Antiretroviral Therapy to Broader Medical Applications.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Augmenting Azoles with Drug Synergy to Expand the Antifungal Toolbox.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Repositioning Lopinavir, an HIV Protease Inhibitor, as a Promising Antifungal Drug: Lessons Learned fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID Box: a source for repurposing drugs with antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2021Article
- Aspartic peptidase ofJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2020Article
- Secreted aspartyl proteinase (PbSap) contributes to the virulence of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Antifungal therapeutics for dimorphic fungal pathogens.Virulence · 2017Article
- Protease inhibitors and azolic antifungals in HIV patients with histoplasmosis: a clinical pharmacokinetics perspective.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesArticle
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13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Recent studies have shown that some drugs that are not routinely used to treat fungal infections have antifungal activity, such as protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs. This study investigated the in vitro susceptibility of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum to saquinavir and ritonavir, and its combination with the antifungal itraconazole. The susceptibility assay was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All strains were inhibited by the protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs. Saquinavir showed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 1μgmL(-1) for both phases, and ritonavir presented minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.0312 to 4μgmL(-1)and from 0.0625 to 1μgmL(-1) for filamentous and yeast phase, respectively. Concerning the antifungal itraconazole, the minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.0019 to 0.125μgmL(-1) and from 0.0039 to 0.0312μgmL(-1) for the filamentous and yeast phase, respectively. The combination of saquinavir or ritonavir with itraconazole was synergistic against H. capsulatum, with a significant reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both drugs against the strains (p<0.05). These data show an important in vitro synergy between protease inhibitors and itraconazole against the fungus H. capsulatum.
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