ArticleBMJ open2016
Calcium channel blockers and cancer: a risk analysis using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-hypertensive medications and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Pooled it
- Angiotensin receptor blockers use and lung cancer risk in Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based cohort study.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Calcineurin in cancer signaling networks.Nagoya journal of medical science · 2025Review
- Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with hepatitis B virus infection.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2024Article
- Article
- CACNA1D overexpression and voltage-gated calcium channels in prostate cancer during androgen deprivation.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The risk of second primary malignancies in colorectal cancer patients using calcium channel blockers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Systemic Sclerosis Association with Malignancy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2022Review
- Long-term use of antihypertensive medications, hypertension and colorectal cancer risk and mortality: a prospective cohort study.British journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Diltiazem inhibits breast cancer metastasis via mediating growth differentiation factor 15 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Oncogenesis · 2022Article
- Self-reported Metabolic Risk Factor Associations with Adenomatous, Sessile Serrated, and Synchronous Adenomatous and Sessile Serrated Polyps.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Observational
- Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs Use on Risk and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 37 Observational Studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- The Use of Antihypertensive Drugs as Coadjuvant Therapy in Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Nicardipine Inhibits Breast Cancer MigrationFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers and oral squamous cell carcinoma survival: A propensity-score-matched cohort study.PloS one · 2021Article
- Association Between Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and the Risk of Lung Cancer Among Patients With Hypertension From the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2020Article
- Antihypertensive agents: a long way to safe drug prescribing in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2020Review
- Statin use and lung cancer risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a population-based cohort study.Respiratory research · 2020Article
- Amplification of a calcium channel subunit CACNG4 increases breast cancer metastasis.EBioMedicine · 2020Article
- Anticancer Effects of Antihypertensive L-Type Calcium Channel Blockers on Chemoresistant Lung Cancer Cells via Autophagy and Apoptosis.Cancer management and research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe evidence of an association between calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and cancer is conflicting. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the risk of cancer (all, breast, prostate and colon cancers) in association with exposure to CCB.
methodsThis is a population-based cohort study in patients exposed to CCBs from across the UK, using two comparison cohorts: (1) patients with no exposure to CCB (non-CCB) matched on age and gender and (2) unmatched patients unexposed to CCB and at least one other antihypertensive (AHT) prescription. Cancer incidence rates computed in the exposed and the two unexposed groups were compared using HRs and 95% CIs obtained from multivariate Cox regression analyses.
resultsOverall, 150,750, 557,931 and 156,966 patients were included, respectively, in the CCB, non-CCB and AHT cohorts. Crude cancer incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 16.51, 15.75 and 10.62 for the three cohorts, respectively. Adjusted HRs (CI) for all cancers comparing CCB, non-CCB and AHT cohorts were 0.88 (0.86 to 0.89) and 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04), respectively. Compared to the AHT cohort, adjusted HRs (CI) for breast, prostate and colon cancer for the CCB cohort were 0.95 (0.87 to 1.04), 1.07 (0.98 to 1.16) and 0.89 (0.81 to 0.98), respectively. Analyses by duration of exposure to CCB did not show excess risk.
conclusionsThis large population-based study provides strong evidence that CCB use is not associated with an increased risk of cancer. The analyses yielded robust results across all types of cancer and different durations of exposure to CCBs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.