Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26746720›Full record

ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2016

Microbial Diversity in the Early In Vivo-Formed Dental Biofilm.

D Heller, E J Helmerhorst, A C Gower, W L Siqueira, B J Paster, F G Oppenheim

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07307716 (Investigating the Impact of Cleaning Protocols on Oral Microbial Ecology and Early Dysbiosis Markers on Orthodontic Clear Aligner Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07307716 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Investigating the Impact of Cleaning Protocols on Oral Microbial Ecology and Early Dysbiosis Markers on Orthodontic Clear Aligner Patients: A Randomized Cross-over Clinical Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiyadh Elm UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled21ConditionsGingivitis, Dental PlaqueArmsMechanical toothbrushing (fluoride toothpaste), Chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.2%), Oxygen-based cleanser
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Seven genome sequences ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Prevalence of Oral PathogenMicroorganisms · 2023
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Preliminary landscape ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

D HellerDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
E J HelmerhorstDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
A C GowerClinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
W L SiqueiraSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
B J PasterForsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
F G OppenheimDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Periodontology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA fropp@bu.edu.
Boston University · USHarvard University · USWestern University · CA

Funding

MICROBICIDAL SALIVARY HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEINSR01DE007652 · NIDCR · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI OPPENHEIM, FRANK G · 1986 to 2012
$3.9M
Boston University Clinical and Translational Science Institute - U ProgramU54TR001012 · NCATS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI CENTER, DAVID M. · 2014 to 2014
$3.9M
Salivary Proteins in Dental IntegumentsR01DE005672 · NIDCR · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI OPPENHEIM, FRANK G · 1985 to 2009
$3.1M
Oral Microbial Biomarkers in Periodontal Disease ProgressionR01DE021565 · NIDCR · ADA FORSYTH INSTITUTE, INC. · PI PASTER, BRUCE J · 2010 to 2013
$2.9M
Gastro-intestinal microbes degrading dietary glutenR01AI087803 · NIAID · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI HELMERHORST, EVA JOSEPHINE · 2010 to 2014
$2.0M
Oral microbial enzymes for the treatment of celiac diseaseK02AI101067 · NIAID · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI HELMERHORST, EVA JOSEPHINE · 2013 to 2017
$509k
SALIVARY PROTEINS IN DENTAL INTEGUMENTSR37DE005672 · NIDCR · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI OPPENHEIM, FRANK G · 1991 to 2000
$411k
MINORITY PREDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM--NIGMSF31DE005672 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MATHURIN, WILLIAM · 1994 to 1997
–
Canadian Institutes of Health Research 106657Canadian Institutes of Health Research 113166Canadian Institutes of Health Research 97577NCATS NIH HHS U54 TR001012NCATS NIH HHS U54-TR001012NIAID NIH HHS AI087803NIAID NIH HHS AI101067NIAID NIH HHS K02 AI101067NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI087803NIDCR NIH HHS DE021565NIDCR NIH HHS DE05672NIDCR NIH HHS DE07652NIDCR NIH HHS F31 DE005672NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE005672NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE007652NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE021565NIDCR NIH HHS R37 DE005672
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although the mature dental biofilm composition is well studied, there is very little information on the earliest phase of in vivo tooth colonization. Progress in dental biofilm collection methodologies and techniques of large-scale microbial identification have made new studies in this field of oral biology feasible. The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal changes and diversity of the cultivable and noncultivable microbes in the early dental biofilm. Samples of early dental biofilm were collected from 11 healthy subjects at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after removal of plaque and pellicle from tooth surfaces. With the semiquantitative Human Oral Microbiome Identification Microarray (HOMIM) technique, which is based on 16S rRNA sequence hybridizations, plaque samples were analyzed with the currently available 407 HOMIM microbial probes. This led to the identification of at least 92 species, with streptococci being the most abundant bacteria across all time points in all subjects. High-frequency detection was also made with Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Gemella haemolysans, Slackia exigua, and Rothia species. Abundance changes over time were noted for Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus intermedius (P = 0.02), Streptococcus mitis bv. 2 (P = 0.0002), Streptococcus oralis (P = 0.0002), Streptococcus cluster I (P = 0.003), G. haemolysans (P = 0.0005), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (P = 0.02). Among the currently uncultivable microbiota, eight phylotypes were detected in the early stages of biofilm formation, one belonging to the candidate bacterial division TM7, which has attracted attention due to its potential association with periodontal disease.

Indexed as

BiodiversityBacteriaBiofilmsDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalHealthy VolunteersHumansMetagenomicsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Analysis, DNAToothDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID26746720
PMCPMC4784052
OpenAlexW2296273647

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.