ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type 1a Reduces the Oral Toxicity of Stx Type 2a.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathogenomes of Shiga Toxin Positive and NegativeMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Pathogenomes and virulence profiles of representative big six non-O157 serogroup Shiga toxin-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The diverse landscape of AB5-type toxins.Engineering microbiology · 2023Review
- Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type 1a and Stx2a Translocate through a Three-Layer Intestinal Model.Toxins · 2023Article
- Pathogenomes and variations in Shiga toxin production among geographically distinct clones ofMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Risk of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Related to Treatment ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- A Toxic Environment: a Growing Understanding of How Microbial Communities Affect Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga Toxin Expression.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Review
- The Virulence ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Bimodal Response to Shiga Toxin 2 Subtypes Results from Relatively Weak Binding to the Target Cell.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Contribution and Interaction of Shiga Toxin Genes toToxins · 2019Article
- Shiga toxin sub-type 2a increases the efficiency of Escherichia coli O157 transmission between animals and restricts epithelial regeneration in bovine enteroids.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Shiga Toxin Type 1a (Stx1a) Reduces the Toxicity of the More Potent Stx2aInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- ppGpp and cytotoxicity diversity in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates.Epidemiology and infection · 2017Article
- Whole Genome Sequencing for Genomics-Guided Investigations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreaks.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundShiga toxin (Stx) is the primary virulence factor of Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). STEC can produce Stx1a and/or Stx2a, which are antigenically distinct. However, Stx2a-producing STEC are associated with more severe disease than strains producing both Stx1a and Stx2a. METHODS AND
resultsTo address the hypothesis that the reason for the association of Stx2a with more severe disease is because Stx2a crosses the intestinal barrier with greater efficiency that Stx1a, we covalently labeled Stx1a and Stx2a with Alexa Fluor 750 and determined the ex vivo fluorescent intensity of murine systemic organs after oral intoxication. Surprisingly, both Stxs exhibited similar dissemination patterns and accumulated in the kidneys. We next cointoxicated mice to determine whether Stx1a could impede Stx2a. Cointoxication resulted in increased survival and an extended mean time to death, compared with intoxication with Stx2a only. The survival benefit was dose dependent, with the greatest effect observed when 5 times more Stx1a than Stx2a was delivered, and was amplified when Stx1a was delivered 3 hours prior to Stx2a. Cointoxication with an Stx1a active site toxoid also reduced Stx2a toxicity.
conclusionsThese studies suggest that Stx1a reduces Stx2a-mediated toxicity, a finding that may explain why STEC that produce only Stx2a are associated with more severe disease than strains producing Stx1a and Stx2a.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.