Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26743774›Full record

ArticleJournal of educational evaluation for health professions2016

Risk of error estimated from Palestine pharmacists' knowledge and certainty on the adverse effects and contraindications of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients.

Ramzi Shawahna, Mohammed Al-Rjoub, Mohammed M Al-Horoub, Wasif Al-Hroub, Bisan Al-Rjoub, Bashaaer Abd Al-Nabi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of educational evaluation for health professions, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ramzi ShawahnaDepartment of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0002-2403-610X
Mohammed Al-RjoubDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0002-4731-3149
Mohammed M Al-HoroubDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0001-5218-4559
Wasif Al-HroubDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0003-3328-5025
Bisan Al-RjoubDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0002-2093-4033
Bashaaer Abd Al-NabiDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0002-1192-8803

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to investigate community pharmacists' knowledge and certainty of adverse effects and contraindications of pharmaceutical products to estimate the risk of error. Factors influencing their knowledge and certainty were also investigated.

methodsThe knowledge of community pharmacists was assessed in a cross-sectional design using a multiple-choice questions test on the adverse effects and contraindications of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients from May 2014 to March 2015. Self-rated certainty scores were also recorded for each question. Knowledge and certainty scores were combined to estimate the risk of error.

resultsOut of 315 subjects, 129 community pharmacists (41.0%) completed the 30 multiple-choice questions test on active ingredients and excipients. Knowledge on active ingredients was associated with the year of graduation and obtaining a licence to practice pharmacy. Knowledge on excipients was associated with the degree obtained. There was higher risk of error in items on excipients than those on ingredients (P<0.01).

conclusionThe knowledge of community pharmacists in Palestine was insufficient with high risk of errors. Knowledge of community pharmacists on the safety issues of active ingredients and excipients need to be improved.

Indexed as

Clinical CompetenceHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticePharmacistsAdultArabsCommunity Pharmacy ServicesContraindicationsCross-Sectional StudiesDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsExcipientsHumansMedication ErrorsMiddle AgedRiskSurveys and QuestionnairesExcipientsCross-sectional studiesExcipientsPalestinePharmaceutical servicesRisk

Identifiers

PMID26743774
PMCPMC4751289

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.