ReviewMedical care research and review : MCRR2017
Pay-for-Performance: Disappointing Results or Masked Heterogeneity?
Review in Medical care research and review : MCRR, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pay for performance for hospitals.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Effectiveness of UK provider financial incentives on quality of care: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Pooled it
- Hospital Variation in Postoperative Primary Care Follow-up After Major Surgery: Implications for the Transforming Episode Accountability Model.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Balancing patient choice and health system capacity: a system dynamics model of dialysis in Thailand.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Incentivizing Hospital Quality Through Care Bundling.Health economics · 2025Article
- Do health care quality improvement policies work for all? Distributional effects by baseline quality in South Africa.Health economics · 2025Article
- The link between physician motivation and care.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2024Article
- Impact of reimbursement systems on patient care - a systematic review of systematic reviews.Health economics review · 2024Review
- Development of an assessment tool for designated medical institutions in China--Based on the application of an online assessment system.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Mapping GPs' motivation — it's not all about the money: a nationwide cross-sectional survey study from Denmark.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2023Article
- Skilled Nursing Facility Participation in Bundled Payments Was Related to Small Increases in Nurse Staffing Levels.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2023Article
- Measuring the State Dependence Effect in Hospital Payment Adjustment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Local Primary Care Incentive Scheme: A Difference-in-Differences Study.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of value-based purchasing for substance use treatment engagement and retention.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Article
- Improving quality and performance in substance use treatment programs: What is being done and why is it so hard?Journal of social work (London, England) · 2021Article
- Evaluating performance-based financing in low-income and middle-income countries: the need to look beyond average effect.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- Understanding efficiency and the effect of pay-for-performance across health facilities in Tanzania.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- The effect of 'paying for performance' on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional observational study.BJGP open · 2020Article
- Primary Care Physicians in the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS): a Qualitative Investigation of Participants' Experiences, Self-Reported Practice Changes, and Suggestions for Program Administrators.Journal of general internal medicine · 2019Article
- Changes in hospital safety following penalties in the US Hospital Acquired Condition Reduction Program: retrospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Research on the effects of pay-for-performance (P4P) in health care indicates largely disappointing results. This central finding, however, may mask important heterogeneity in the effects of P4P. We conducted a literature review to assess whether hospital and physician performance in P4P vary by patient and catchment area factors, organizational and structural capabilities, and P4P program characteristics. Several findings emerged: organizational size, practice type, teaching status, and physician age and gender modify performance in P4P. For physician practices and hospitals, a higher proportion of poor and minority patients is consistently associated with worse performance. Other theoretically influential characteristics-including information technology and staffing levels-yield mixed results. Inconsistent and contradictory effects of bonus likelihood, bonus size, and marginal costs on performance in P4P suggest organizations have not responded strategically to financial incentives. We conclude that extant heterogeneity in the effects of P4P does not fundamentally alter current assessments about its effectiveness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.