ArticleJournal of hepatology2016
Biliary epithelium and liver B cells exposed to bacteria activate intrahepatic MAIT cells through MR1.
Article in Journal of hepatology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Alcohol on the Intestinal Immune System.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Pooled it
- MAIT cell activation in adolescents is impacted by bile acid concentrations and body weight.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- NK Cells in Ascites From Liver Disease Patients Display a Particular Phenotype and Take Part in Antibacterial Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Controlled Human Malaria Infection Leads to Long-Lasting Changes in Innate and Innate-like Lymphocyte Populations.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Trial
- Review
- Intrahepatic T cell analysis reveals Th17 and MAIT17 enrichment in primary sclerosing cholangitis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- The hepatic portal area in homeostasis and disease.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Insights into the Biochemical and Immune Mechanisms in Drug-Induced Liver Injury Pathogenesis.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Review
- Navigating the gastric frontier of mucosal immunity againstFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Focus on Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Antigens Fueling Biliary Liver Injury.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlying T cell subset imbalance and precision therapeutic targets in primary biliary cholangitis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Protective role of mucosa-associated invariant T cells in sepsis-related liver injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- MAIT Cells in Liver Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells: Origins, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- Navigating the Hepatic Immune Landscape With Fine Needle Aspiration of the Liver-An Emerging Technique.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- Central role for cholangiocyte pathobiology in cholestatic liver diseases.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2025Review
- Understanding Liver Transplantation Outcomes Through the Lens of Its Tissue-resident Immunobiome.Transplantation · 2025Review
- Regulators and Conductors of Immunity: Natural Immune System in Health and Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Antioxidant interventions reduced cytokine-induced pyroptosis of peripheral MAIT cells in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis.Hepatology communications · 2025Article
- Liver transplant-facilitated CD161Nature communications · 2025Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsMucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells characterised by the invariant TCR-chain, Vα7.2-Jα33, and are restricted by MR1, which presents bacterial vitamin B metabolites. They are important for antibacterial immunity at mucosal sites; however, detailed characteristics of liver-infiltrating MAIT (LI-MAIT) and their role in biliary immune surveillance remain unexplored.
methodsThe phenotype and intrahepatic localisation of human LI-MAIT cells was examined in diseased and normal livers. MAIT cell activation in response to E. coli-exposed macrophages, biliary epithelial cells (BEC) and liver B cells was assessed with/without anti-MR1.
resultsIntrahepatic MAIT cells predominantly localised to bile ducts in the portal tracts. Consistent with this distribution, they expressed biliary tropic chemokine receptors CCR6, CXCR6, and integrin αEβ7. LI-MAIT cells were also present in the hepatic sinusoids and possessed tissue-homing chemokine receptor CXCR3 and integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4, suggesting their recruitment via hepatic sinusoids. LI-MAIT cells were enriched in the parenchyma of acute liver failure livers compared to chronic diseased livers. LI-MAIT cells had an activated, effector memory phenotype, expressed α4β7 and receptors for IL-12, IL-18, and IL-23. Importantly, in response to E. coli-exposed macrophages, liver B cells and BEC, MAIT cells upregulated IFN-γ and CD40 Ligand and degranulated in an MR1-dependent, cytokine-independent manner. In addition, diseased liver MAIT cells expressed T-bet and RORγt and the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17.
conclusionsOur findings provide the first evidence of an immune surveillance effector response for MAIT cells towards BEC in human liver; thus they could be manipulated for treatment of biliary disease in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.