Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26742009›Full record

Observational studyBritish journal of cancer2016

Relation of statin use with non-melanoma skin cancer: prospective results from the Women's Health Initiative.

Ange Wang, Marcia L Stefanick, Kristopher Kapphahn, Haley Hedlin, Manisha Desai, Jo Ann E Manson, Howard Strickler, Lisa Martin, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Michael Simon and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in British journal of cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Statin use and risk of skin cancer.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2018
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Ange WangDepartment of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion B, 4th Floor MC 5338, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
Marcia L StefanickDepartment of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kristopher KapphahnQuantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Haley HedlinQuantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Manisha DesaiQuantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Jo Ann E MansonDepartment of Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Howard StricklerDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Lisa MartinDepartment of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Jean Wactawski-WendeDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Michael SimonKarmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Jean Y TangDepartment of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion B, 4th Floor MC 5338, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
Stanford University · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USGeorge Washington University · USHarvard University · USUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York · USWayne State University · US

Funding

NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100046CNIA NIH HHS HHSN271201100004CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe relationship between statin use and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is unclear with conflicting findings in literature. Data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study and WHI Clinical Trial were used to investigate the prospective relationship between statin use and NMSC in non-Hispanic white (NHW) postmenopausal women.

methodsThe WHI study enrolled women aged 50-79 years at 40 US centres. Among 133,541 NHW participants, 118,357 with no cancer history at baseline and complete medication/covariate data comprised the analytic cohort. The association of statin use (baseline, overall as a time-varying variable, duration, type, potency, lipophilicity) and NMSC incidence was determined using random-effects logistic regression models.

resultsOver a mean of 10.5 years of follow-up, we identified 11,555 NMSC cases. Compared with participants with no statin use, use of any statin at baseline was associated with significantly increased NMSC incidence (adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.35)). In particular, lovastatin (OR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.08-2.16), simvastatin (OR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.12-1.69), and lipophilic statins (OR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.64) were associated with higher NMSC risk. Low and high, but not medium, potency statins were associated with higher NMSC risk. No significant effect modification of the statin-NMSC relationship was found for age, BMI, smoking, solar irradiation, vitamin D use, and skin cancer history.

conclusionsUse of statins, particularly lipophilic statins, was associated with increased NMSC risk in postmenopausal white women in the WHI cohort. The lack of duration-effect relationship points to possible residual confounding. Additional prospective research should further investigate this relationship.

Indexed as

AgedAge FactorsBasal Cell CarcinomaCarcinoma, Squamous CellCohort StudiesEnvironmental ExposureFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedFemaleFluvastatinHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsIncidenceIndolesLogistic ModelsLongitudinal StudiesLovastatincerivastatinFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedFluvastatinHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsIndolesLovastatinPyridinesSimvastatinVitamin DVitamins

Identifiers

PMID26742009
PMCPMC4742576
OpenAlexW2223526704

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.