ArticlePloS one2016
Detection of Alpha-Toxin and Other Virulence Factors in Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus on Polystyrene and a Human Epidermal Model.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Advancing human skin models by integrating skin microbes for next-generation research.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Biofilms in Periprosthetic Orthopedic Infections Seen through the Eyes of Neutrophils: How Can We Help Neutrophils?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Analysis of the Presence of the Virulence and Regulation Genes fromInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
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- The survival of epidemic and sporadic MRSA on human skin mimics is determined by both host and bacterial factors.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
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- Dehydration Tolerance in Epidemic versus Nonepidemic MRSA Demonstrated by Isothermal Microcalorimetry.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Induces Metabolic Changes and ReducesAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Real time monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm sensitivity towards antibiotics with isothermal microcalorimetry.PloS one · 2022Article
- Comparative Study of Two-Dimensional (2D) vs. Three-Dimensional (3D) Organotypic Kertatinocyte-Fibroblast Skin Models forInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Challenges in exploring and manipulating the human skin microbiome.Microbiome · 2021Review
- Paracetamol modulates biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 8 strains.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Bacterial toxins in musculoskeletal infections.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2021Review
- Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Obtained from Fresh Sarcotesta ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- Review
- Bidirectional alterations in antibiotics susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus-Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual-species biofilm.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- AViruses · 2020Article
- Utilizing Organoid and Air-Liquid Interface Models as a Screening Method in the Development of New Host Defense Peptides.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrection: Detection of Alpha-Toxin and Other Virulence Factors in Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus on Polystyrene and a Human Epidermal Model.2016 · Koning, R A [corrected to Koning, R I]
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimThe ability of Staphylococcus aureus to successfully colonize (a)biotic surfaces may be explained by biofilm formation and the actions of virulence factors. The aim of the present study was to establish the presence of 52 proteins, including virulence factors such as alpha-toxin, during biofilm formation of five different (methicillin resistant) S. aureus strains on Leiden human epidermal models (LEMs) and polystyrene surfaces (PS) using a competitive Luminex-based assay.
resultsAll five S. aureus strains formed biofilms on PS, whereas only three out of five strains formed biofilms on LEMs. Out of the 52 tested proteins, six functionally diverse proteins (ClfB, glucosaminidase, IsdA, IsaA, SACOL0688 and nuclease) were detected in biofilms of all strains on both PS and LEMs. At the same time, four toxins (alpha-toxin, gamma-hemolysin B and leukocidins D and E), two immune modulators (formyl peptide receptor-like inhibitory protein and Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 1), and two other proteins (lipase and LytM) were detectable in biofilms by all five S. aureus strains on LEMs, but not on PS. In contrast, fibronectin-binding protein B (FnbpB) was detectable in biofilms by all S. aureus biofilms on PS, but not on LEMs. These data were largely confirmed by the results from proteomic and transcriptomic analyses and in case of alpha-toxin additionally by GFP-reporter technology.
conclusionFunctionally diverse virulence factors of (methicillin-resistant) S. aureus are present during biofilm formation on LEMs and PS. These results could aid in identifying novel targets for future treatment strategies against biofilm-associated infections.
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Registered trials
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