ArticlePloS one2016
Differential Killing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi by Antibodies Targeting Vi and Lipopolysaccharide O:9 Antigen.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combatting Salmonella: a focus on antimicrobial resistance and the need for effective vaccination.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Vi-specific serological correlates of protection for typhoid fever.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Trial
- The Manipulation of Host Cells byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A new mouse model of typhoid fever usingmBio · 2026Article
- Host TGF-β signalling facilitates Vi-capsule mediated adaptive immune evasion and vertical transmission ofCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Assessing Salmonella Typhi Pathogenicity and Prevention: The Crucial Role of Vaccination in Combating Typhoid Fever.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Single missense mutations in Vi capsule synthesis genes confer hypervirulence to Salmonella Typhi.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in blood.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Role of the Complement System in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Forms of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Review
- Vi polysaccharide and conjugated vaccines afford similar early, IgM or IgG-independent control of infection but boosting with conjugated Vi vaccines sustains the efficacy of immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Understanding the Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogenesis ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Multiple immunodominant O-epitopes co-expression in live attenuated Salmonella serovars induce cross-protective immune responses against S. Paratyphi A, S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Controlled human infectious models, a path forward in uncovering immunological correlates of protection: Lessons from enteric fevers studies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Host restriction, pathogenesis and chronic carriage of typhoidal Salmonella.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- AMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi expresses a capsule of Vi polysaccharide, while most Salmonella serovars, including S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, do not. Both S. Typhi and S. Enteritidis express the lipopolysaccharide O:9 antigen, yet there is little evidence of cross-protection from anti-O:9 antibodies. Vaccines based on Vi polysaccharide have efficacy against typhoid fever, indicating that antibodies against Vi confer protection. Here we investigate the role of Vi capsule and antibodies against Vi and O:9 in antibody-dependent complement- and phagocyte-mediated killing of Salmonella. Using isogenic Vi-expressing and non-Vi-expressing derivatives of S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium, we show that S. Typhi is inherently more sensitive to serum and blood than S. Typhimurium. Vi expression confers increased resistance to both complement- and phagocyte-mediated modalities of antibody-dependent killing in human blood. The Vi capsule is associated with reduced C3 and C5b-9 deposition, and decreased overall antibody binding to S. Typhi. However, purified human anti-Vi antibodies in the presence of complement are able to kill Vi-expressing Salmonella, while killing by anti-O:9 antibodies is inversely related to Vi expression. Human serum depleted of antibodies to antigens other than Vi retains the ability to kill Vi-expressing bacteria. Our findings support a protective role for Vi capsule in preventing complement and phagocyte killing of Salmonella that can be overcome by specific anti-Vi antibodies, but only to a limited extent by anti-O:9 antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.