SynthesisAnnals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England2016
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between frailty and outcome in surgical patients.
Synthesis in Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04056871 (Comparing the Association of Different Frailty Scores to the Incidence of Post-operative Delirium and Cognitive Dysfunction), which is not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparing the Association of Different Frailty Scores to the Incidence of Post-operative Delirium and Cognitive Dysfunction
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk assessment and prevention of postoperative and postprocedural respiratory failure: recommendations from an international expert panel.British journal of anaesthesia · 2026Guideline
- General anaesthetic vs local anaesthetic myringoplasties: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Frailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Approaches to Assessment of Muscle Mass and Myosteatosis on Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of the frailty phenotype on post-operative complications in older surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Facilitators and barriers to participation in prehabilitation prior to orthopaedic elective surgery - a qualitative study with elderly (pre-)frail patients.BMC geriatrics · 2025Trial
- Automated Muscle Measurement on Chest CT Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults From the National Lung Screening Trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Trial
- Ankle-brachial pressure index as a predictor of the 2-year outcome after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: data from the Japanese OCEAN-TAVI Registry.Heart and vessels · 2018Trial
- Review
- Association between preoperative frailty and 30-day functional disability after surgery: a prospective cohort study using the Edmonton Frail Scale.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Association of Frailty and Perioperative Outcomes Across Surgical Specialties Between 2016 and 2018 Using the National Inpatient Sample Database: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Measuring health literacy among older inpatients after elective surgery: evaluation of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire-short form (HLS-EU-Q16).Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Assessing frailty to predict surgical risk: a comparative study of three tools in older non-cardiac surgery patients.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Frailty and its components and cardiovascular outcomes in older adults: A nationwide epidemiological study.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2025Article
- Consumers' Perspectives on the Design of a New Digital Frailty Education Course, 'Focus on Frailty': A Qualitative Co-Design Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- An Investigation into the Effects of Frailty and Sarcopenia on Postoperative Anesthesia Recovery and Complications Among Geriatric Patients Undergoing Colorectal Malignancy Surgery.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Co-occurrence of CT-based radiological sarcopenia and frailty are related to impaired survival in surgical oncology.The British journal of radiology · 2025Article
- 'Focus on Frailty': Co-Designing Digital Frailty Education with Healthcare Students.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Review
- Frailty in intracranial meningioma resection: the risk analysis index demonstrates strong discrimination for predicting non-home discharge and in-hospital mortality.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFrailty is becoming increasingly prevalent in the elderly population although a lack of consensus regarding a clinical definition hampers comparison of clinical studies. More elderly patients are being assessed for surgical intervention but the effect of frailty on surgical related outcomes is still not clear.
methodsA systematic literature search for studies prospectively reporting frailty and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgical intervention was performed with data collated from a total of 12 studies. Random effects meta-analysis modelling was undertaken to estimate the association between frailty and mortality rates (in-hospital and one-year), length of hospital stay and the need for step-down care for further rehabilitation/nursing home placement.
resultsFrailty was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality rate (pooled odds ratio [OR]: 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62-4.73), a higher one-year mortality rate (pooled OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.49-2.66), a longer hospital stay (pooled mean difference: 1.05 days, 95% CI: 0.02-2.07 days) and a higher discharge rate to further rehabilitation/step-down care (pooled OR: 5.71, 95% CI: 3.41-9.55).
conclusionsThe presence of frailty in patients undergoing surgical intervention is associated with poorer outcomes with regard to mortality and return to independence. Further in-depth studies are required to identify factors that can be optimised to reduce the burden of frailty in surgical patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.