ArticleViral immunology2016
Hotspots for Vitamin-Steroid-Thyroid Hormone Response Elements Within Switch Regions of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Loci Predict a Direct Influence of Vitamins and Hormones on B Cell Class Switch Recombination.
Article in Viral immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Pediatric Pneumococcus and Hepatitis A Vaccinations With or Without a High-Dose Oral Vitamin A Supplement.Biomolecules · 2025Trial
- Genetic diversity of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in cohorts of patients affected with SARS-CoV-2.Human genomics · 2025Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- How Estrogen, Testosterone, and Sex Differences Influence Serum Immunoglobulin Isotype Patterns in Mice and Humans.Viruses · 2023Article
- Retinol Binding Protein, Sunlight Hours, and the Influenza Virus-Specific Immune Response.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The role of retinoic acid in the production of immunoglobulin A.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Vitamin D3 is well Correlated with Anti-Advanced biomedical research · 2022Article
- Immunodeficiency Accelerates Vitamin A Deficiency.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
- Effect of Vitamin A Deficiency in Dysregulating Immune Responses to Influenza Virus and Increasing Mortality Rates After Bacterial Coinfections.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Might Routine Vitamin A Monitoring in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Reduce Virus-Mediated Lung Pathology?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Consequences of Vitamin A Deficiency: Immunoglobulin Dysregulation, Squamous Cell Metaplasia, Infectious Disease, and Death.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Nuclear Receptors, Ligands and the Mammalian B Cell.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- From Influenza Virus Infections to Lupus: Synchronous Estrogen ReceptorViral immunology · 2020Article
- Matters of life and death: How estrogen and estrogen receptor binding to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus may influence outcomes of infection, allergy, and autoimmune disease.Cellular immunology · 2019Review
- Article
- Complex sex-biased antibody responses: estrogen receptors bind estrogen response elements centered within immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancers.International immunology · 2019Article
- Will Attention by Vaccine Developers to the Host's Nuclear Hormone Levels and Immunocompetence Improve Vaccine Success?Vaccines · 2019Review
- Influences of Vitamin A on Vaccine Immunogenicity and Efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiencies are common throughout the world and have a significant negative influence on immune protection against viral infections. Mouse models demonstrate that the production of IgA, a first line of defense against viruses at mucosal sites, is inhibited in the context of vitamin A deficiency. In vitro, the addition of vitamin A to activated B cells can enhance IgA expression, but downregulate IgE. Previous reports have demonstrated that vitamin A modifies cytokine patterns, and in so doing may influence antibody isotype expression by an indirect mechanism. However, we have now discovered hundreds of potential response elements among Sμ, Sɛ, and Sα switch sites within immunoglobulin heavy chain loci. These hotspots appear in both mouse and human loci and include targets for vitamin receptors and related proteins (e.g., estrogen receptors) in the nuclear receptor superfamily. Full response elements with direct repeats are relatively infrequent or absent in Sγ regions although half-sites are present. Based on these results, we pose a hypothesis that nuclear receptors have a direct effect on the immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch recombination event. We propose that vitamin A may alter S site accessibility to activation-induced deaminase and nonhomologous end-joining machinery, thereby influencing the isotype switch, antibody production, and protection against viral infections at mucosal sites.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.