ArticleOncotarget2016
Control of glioma cell migration and invasiveness by GDF-15.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- mRNA markers for survival prediction in glioblastoma multiforme patients: a systematic review with bioinformatic analyses.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- IDH1-R132H enhances oncolytic HSV-1 therapy by facilitating viral entry and immune activation in glioma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Aptamer bi-(AID-1-T) Synergizes with Radiation to Inhibit Proliferation of Human Glioma Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Correlation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Characterization of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a neurotropic adipokine permeable to the brain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Curcumin-Induced Molecular Mechanisms in U-87 MG Glioblastoma Cells: Insights from Global Gene Expression Profiling.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Interleukin 4 and cancer resistance in glioblastoma multiforme.Neurosurgical review · 2024Review
- Overexpression of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells Promotes Their Radioresistance.Cancers · 2023Article
- Hepatocyte-derived GDF15 suppresses feeding and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice.iScience · 2022Article
- Perivascular Stromal Cells Instruct Glioblastoma Invasion, Proliferation, and Therapeutic Response within an Engineered Brain Perivascular Niche Model.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Increased expression and accumulation of GDF15 in IPF extracellular matrix contribute to fibrosis.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Ionizing Radiation-Induced GDF15 Promotes Angiogenesis in Human Glioblastoma Models by Promoting VEGFA Expression Through p-MAPK1/SP1 Signaling.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- GDF15 expression in glioma is associated with malignant progression, immune microenvironment, and serves as a prognostic factor.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Article
- GDF15: emerging biology and therapeutic applications for obesity and cardiometabolic disease.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Transcriptomics-Based Phenotypic Screening Supports Drug Discovery in Human Glioblastoma Cells.Cancers · 2021Article
- Article
- Mitochondria, immunosenescence and inflammaging: a role for mitokines?Seminars in immunopathology · 2020Review
- Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU1) in Cancer Cell Metastasis: A Tale of a Tumor Suppressor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Measuring Cancer Hallmark Mediation of the TET1 Glioma Survival Effect with Linked Neural-Network Based Mediation Experiments.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15): From Biomarker to Novel Targetable Immune Checkpoint.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family of proteins. GDF-15 levels are increased in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of glioblastoma patients. Using a TCGA database interrogation, we demonstrate that high GDF-15 expression levels are associated with poor survival of glioblastoma patients. To elucidate the role of GDF-15 in glioblastoma in detail, we confirmed that glioma cells express GDF-15 mRNA and protein in vitro. To allow for a detailed functional characterization, GDF-15 expression was silenced using RNA interference in LNT-229 and LN-308 glioma cells. Depletion of GDF-15 had no effect on cell viability. In contrast, GDF-15-deficient cells displayed reduced migration and invasion, in the absence of changes in Smad2 or Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. Conversely, exogenous GDF-15 stimulated migration and invasiveness. Large-scale expression profiling revealed that GDF-15 gene silencing resulted in minor changes in the miRNA profile whereas several genes, including members of the plasminogen activator/inhibitor complex, were deregulated at the mRNA level. One of the newly identified genes induced by GDF-15 gene silencing was the serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E nexin group 1 (serpine1) which is induced by TGF-β and known to inhibit migration and invasiveness. However, serpine1 down-regulation alone did not mediate GDF-15-induced promotion of migration and invasiveness. Our findings highlight the complex contributions of GDF-15 to the invasive phenotype of glioma cells and suggest anti-GDF-15 approaches as a promising therapeutic strategy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.