ArticleMedicine and science in sports and exercise2016
The Physiological Capacity of the World's Highest Ranked Female Cross-country Skiers.
Article in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Running Assessed Maximal Oxygen Uptake Increases with Participant Classification Framework Tier in Overall Cross-Country Skiing Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-regressions.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Female trail running: a systematic scoping review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Pooled it
- Size Exponents for Scaling Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Over 6500 Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Pooled it
- Project FURTHER: A Physiological, Biomechanical, and Psychosocial Profile of an All-Female 6-Day Ultramarathon Race.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Quantitative Analysis of Annual Training Volume and Periodization Patterns in Elite Female Cross-Country Skiers Using GPS Monitoring: A Three-Athlete Case Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Agreement between muscle saturation breakpoints and lactate thresholds: Muscles comparison and sex difference in world-class Nordic skiers.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Quantitative Comparative Analysis of Annual Training Volume and Intensity Distribution of Male Biathlon National Team and University Athletes Using Global Positioning Systems and Wearable Devices.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enhancing speed and efficiency: biomechanical variation in maximal speed double poling among different performance level cross-country skiers.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Olympic Snow Sports: Current Insights and Future Directions for Milano Cortina 2026 and Beyond.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Review
- Long-Term Development of Training Characteristics and Physiological Determinants in World-Leading and Medal-Winning Female Cross-Country Skiers: A Three Decade Comparative Analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- A Novel Two-Week Dynamic HIIT Protocol Improves Roller Skiing Speed and Metabolic Efficiency in Trained Cross-Country Skiers: A Pilot Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Determining physiologic variables for changes in 800-m running and 800-m ski ergometer performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Observational
- Isokinetic Knee Strength as a Predictor of Performance in Elite Ski Mountaineering Sprint Athletes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Associations Between Physiological Determinants and GNSS-Derived Technical Characteristics in Cross-Country Roller Skiing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Duration-dependent physiological, perceptual, and technical changes during a 2-hour low-intensity training session in female cross-country skiers.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Performance and Performance-Determining Factors in the Olympic Winter Endurance Sports.Sports medicine - open · 2024Review
- The snow must go on: how German cross-country skiers maintained training and performance in the face of COVID-19 lockdowns.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Nutritional intake and anthropometric characteristics are associated with endurance performance and markers of low energy availability in young female cross-country skiers.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Observational
- Physiological responses and performance factors for double-poling and diagonal-stride treadmill roller-skiing time-trial exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Article
- Becoming a Paralympic Champion-Analysis of the Morpho-Functional Abilities of a Disabled Female Athlete in Cross-Country Skiing over a 10-Year Period.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe objective of this study is to compare the physiological capacity and training characteristics of the world's six highest ranked female cross-country skiers (world class (WC)) with those of six competitors of national class (NC).
methodsImmediately before the start of the competition season, all skiers performed three 5-min submaximal stages of roller skiing on a treadmill for measurement of oxygen cost, as well as a 3-min self-paced performance test using both the double poling (DP) and diagonal stride (DIA) techniques. During the 3-min performance tests, the total distance covered, peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), and accumulated oxygen deficit were determined. Each skier documented the intensity and mode of their training during the preceding 6 months in a diary.
resultsThere were no differences between the groups with respect to oxygen cost or gross efficiency at the submaximal speeds. The WC skiers covered 6%-7% longer distances during the 3-min tests and exhibited average V˙O2peak values of ∼70 and ∼65 mL·min·kg with DIA and DP, respectively, which were 10% and 7% higher than the NC skiers (all P < 0.05). However, the accumulated oxygen deficit did not differ between groups. From May to October, the WC skiers trained a total of 532 ± 73 h (270 ± 26 sessions) versus 411 ± 62 h (240 ± 27 sessions) for the NC skiers. In addition, the WC skiers performed 26% more low-intensity and almost twice as much moderate-intensity endurance and speed training (all P < 0.05).
conclusionsThis study highlights the importance of a high oxygen uptake and the ability to use this while performing the different skiing techniques on varying terrains for female cross-country skiers to win international races. In addition, the training data documented here provide benchmark values for female endurance athletes aiming for medals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.