Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26740674›Full record

ArticleNeurology2016

Fitness and cognition in the elderly: The Austrian Stroke Prevention Study.

Paul Freudenberger, Katja Petrovic, Abhijit Sen, Anna Maria Töglhofer, André Fixa, Edith Hofer, Sabine Perl, Robert Zweiker, Sudha Seshadri, Reinhold Schmidt and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
15.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Trial
  5. Effects of Two Physical Training Programs on the Cognitive Status of a Group of Older Adults in Chile.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Trial
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  9. Physical fitness and incident mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2025
    Review
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  16. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength Do Not Predict Social Cognitive Capacity in Older Age.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Paul FreudenbergerFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Katja PetrovicFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Abhijit SenFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Anna Maria TöglhoferFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
André FixaFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Edith HoferFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Sabine PerlFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Robert ZweikerFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Sudha SeshadriFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Reinhold SchmidtFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Helena SchmidtFrom the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.F., A.M.T., A.F., H.S.), Department of Neurology (K.P., E.H., R.S., H.S.), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (E.H.), and Department of Cardiology (S.P., R.Z.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Public Health and General Practice (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; and Department of Neurology (S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA. helena.schmidt@medunigraz.at.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology · NO

Funding

UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Core CenterP30AG010129 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI DECARLI, CHARLES · 1991 to 2020
$28.3M
PRECURSORS OF STROKE INCIDENCE AND PROGNOSISR01NS017950 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Hugo Javier Aparicio, Jose Rafael Romero · 1985 to 2026
$22.9M
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DEMENTIA IN THE FRAMINGHAM STUDYR01AG008122 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI AU, RHODA, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 1989 to 2015
$14.4M
Temporal Trends, Novel Imaging and Molecular Characterization of Preclinical and Clinical Alzheimer's Disease in the Framingham CohortsR01AG054076 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI DECARLI, CHARLES, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2016 to 2020
$12.3M
Neurotrophic Factors: Genetic Variation and Serum Levels in Brain AgingR01AG031287 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2009 to 2010
$1.2M
Physical Activity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Target-Organ Damage in Older AdultsR01AG047645 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI RAMACHANDRAN, VASAN S · 2014 to 2015
$661k
NIA NIH HHS AG031287NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010129NIA NIH HHS R01 AG008122NIA NIH HHS R01 AG047645NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054076NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS017950
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate whether greater cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with better global and domain-specific cognitive function.

methodsWe investigated 877 participants (aged 65 ± 7 years, 55% women) of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. For cardiorespiratory fitness, the maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) was calculated based on weight and maximum and resting heart rate on a treadmill test (mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)). A test battery assessing memory (Bäumler's Lern-und Gedächtnistest), executive function (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test-Part B, Digit Span Backward, Alters Konzentrationstest, a computerized complex reaction time task) and motor skills (Purdue Pegboard Test) was administered. Summary measures for cognitive domains and for global cognition were calculated. White matter lesions, lacunes, and brain atrophy were assessed using MRI.

resultsHigher V̇o2max was associated with better global (B = 0.024; p = 0.000) and domain-specific cognitive function (memory B = 0.026, p = 0.000; executive function B = 0.009, p = 0.003; motor skills B = 0.012, p = 0.018) after adjustment for age, sex, education years, and Ca(2+) channel antagonists or β-blockers. White matter lesions, lacunes, or brain atrophy did not mediate the effect (p > 0.05 for all mediators). The interactions of V̇o2max with age, overweight, and APOE ε4 on cognition were not statistically significant (p > 0.05 for all interaction terms) with the exception of a modulating effect of body mass index on V̇o2max in the memory domain.

conclusionsHigher V̇o2max is associated with better global cognitive function and with better performance in the cognitive domains of memory, executive function, and motor skills in the middle-aged and elderly. The association is not mediated by the presence of white matter lesions, lacunes, and brain atrophy.

Indexed as

AgedAustriaCognitionCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesExercise TestFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedOxygen ConsumptionPhysical FitnessStroke

Identifiers

PMID26740674
PMCPMC4773949
OpenAlexW2229141349

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.