Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26739733›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2016

Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in a cross-sectional study of urogenital samples from remote Northern and Central Australia.

Philip M Giffard, Nicole C Brenner, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Suzanne M Garland, Deborah C Holt, Patiyan Andersson, Rachael A Lilliebridge, Steven Y C Tong, Mahdad Karimi, Prudence Boylan and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Population-based concordance ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
  2. Evaluation ofJournal of tropical medicine · 2023
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Microorganisms · 2019
    Review
  6. Contaminated fingers: a potential cause ofSexually transmitted infections · 2018
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Philip M GiffardGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Nicole C BrennerGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia Forensic Science Branch-Biology, Northern Territory Fire and Emergency Services, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Sepehr N TabriziDepartment of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Microbiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Suzanne M GarlandDepartment of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Microbiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Deborah C HoltGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Patiyan AnderssonGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Rachael A LilliebridgeGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Steven Y C TongGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Mahdad KarimiDepartment of Microbiology, Western Diagnostic Pathology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Prudence BoylanSexual Assault Referral Centre (Darwin), Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Nathan RyderSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia Centre for Disease Control, Darwin, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Tracy JohnsSexual Assault Referral Centre (Darwin), Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia Clinical Forensic Medical Services, Australian Capital Territory Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Gurmeet SinghSexual Assault Referral Centre (Darwin), Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia Northern Territory Medical Program, Flinders University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Charles Darwin University · AUGovernment of the Northern Territory · AUMenzies School of Health Research · AURoyal Women's Hospital · AUFlinders University · AUNorthern Territory Health Services · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe objective was to determine the frequency of trachoma genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis-positive urogenital tract (UGT) specimens from remote areas of the Australian Northern Territory (NT).

settingThe setting was analysis of remnants of C. trachomatis positive primarily UGT specimens obtained in the course of clinical practice. The specimens were obtained from two pathology service providers.

participantsFrom 3356 C. trachomatis specimens collected during May 2012-April 2013, 439 were selected for genotyping, with a focus on specimens from postpubescent patients, in remote Aboriginal communities where ocular trachoma is potentially present. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the proportion of successfully genotyped UGT specimens that were trachoma genotypes. The secondary outcome measures were the distribution of genotypes, and the frequencies of different classes of specimens able to be genotyped.

resultsZero of 217 successfully genotyped UGT specimens yielded trachoma genotypes (95% CI for frequency=0-0.017). For UGT specimens, the genotypes were E (41%), F (22%), D (21%) and K (7%), with J, H and G and mixed genotypes each at 1-4%. Four of the five genotyped eye swabs yielded trachoma genotype Ba, and the other genotype J. Two hundred twenty-two specimens (50.6%) were successfully genotyped. Urine specimens were less likely to be typable than vaginal swabs (p<0.0001).

conclusionsUnlike in some other studies, in the remote NT, trachoma genotypes of C. trachomatis were not found circulating in UGT specimens from 2012 to 2013. Therefore, C. trachomatis genotypes in UGT specimens from young children can be informative as to whether the organism has been acquired through sexual contact. We suggest inclusion of C. trachomatis genotyping in guidelines examining the source of sexually transmitted infections in young children in areas where trachoma genotypes may continue to circulate, and continued surveillance of UGT C. trachomatis genotypes.

Indexed as

GenotypeAustraliaChildChlamydia InfectionsChlamydia trachomatisCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleRural PopulationSexually Transmitted DiseasesUrogenital SystemSEXUAL MEDICINE

Identifiers

PMID26739733
PMCPMC4716167
OpenAlexW2228832870

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.