ReviewEvolution, medicine, and public health2016
Trade-offs between acquired and innate immune defenses in humans.
Review in Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tradeoffs between immune function and childhood growth among Amazonian forager-horticulturalists.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Trial
- Total Immunoglobulin G Variation Through the Phenological Cycle of Migrant and Resident Lesser Long-Nosed Bats (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) in the Drylands of Mexico and Its Relationship With Bacterial Killing-Ability of Plasma.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2026Article
- Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Proliferation Heterogeneity: A Phenotype-Structured Model for Tumor Growth and Treatment Response.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- Leukocyte profiles reveal sex and age differences in immune investment in a polygynous bat.The Journal of animal ecology · 2026Article
- Constitutive and inducible fibrosis explain immune variation among threespine stickleback populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- NMDA Receptor Subunit NMR-2 Regulates Pathogen-Induced Immune Responses via the Nervous System inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nonspecific constitutive immunity is negatively associated with basal metabolic rate at early phase of territorial competition in males of great tit.Current zoology · 2026Article
- Adapting flow cytometry for studying immune cell seasonality in wild migratory bats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dietary methionine mitigates immune-mediated damage by enhancing renal clearance of cytokines.Cell metabolism · 2026Article
- Evidence for an energetic trade-off model linking inflammaging and immunosenescence in the US Health and Retirement Study and UK Biobank.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Temporal Variation in Early-Life Conditions Impacts on Later-Life Levels of Infection in Sex Specific Ways.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Neopterin as a Tool for Primate Ecoimmunology: Current Knowledge, Practical Application, and New Directions From Captivity to the Wild.American journal of primatology · 2025Review
- Diverse hosts, diverse immune systems: Evolutionary variation in bat immunology.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Review
- Circulating Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Levels as a Biomarker of Socioecological Adversity in Amazonian Ecuador.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- STAT Signature Dish: Serving Immunity with a Side of Dietary Control.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The changing epidemiology of paediatric childhood asthma and allergy in different regions of the world.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Lycopene ameliorates diabetes-induced pancreatic, hepatic, and renal damage by modulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in rats.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- Lower Socioeconomic Status Predicts Increased Proinflammatory Signaling in Late Pregnancy: Evidence From a Filipino Cohort.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2024Article
- Neonatal Gut Mycobiome: Immunity, Diversity of Fungal Strains, and Individual and Non-Individual Factors.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Correlated evolution of oxidative physiology and MHC-based immunosurveillance in birds.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune defenses provide resistance against infectious disease that is critical to survival. But immune defenses are costly, and limited resources allocated to immunity are not available for other physiological or developmental processes. We propose a framework for explaining variation in patterns of investment in two important subsystems of anti-pathogen defense: innate (non-specific) and acquired (specific) immunity. The developmental costs of acquired immunity are high, but the costs of maintenance and activation are relatively low. Innate immunity imposes lower upfront developmental costs, but higher operating costs. Innate defenses are mobilized quickly and are effective against novel pathogens. Acquired responses are less effective against novel exposures, but more effective against secondary exposures due to immunological memory. Based on their distinct profiles of costs and effectiveness, we propose that the balance of investment in innate versus acquired immunity is variable, and that this balance is optimized in response to local ecological conditions early in development. Nutritional abundance, high pathogen exposure and low signals of extrinsic mortality risk during sensitive periods of immune development should all favor relatively higher levels of investment in acquired immunity. Undernutrition, low pathogen exposure, and high mortality risk should favor innate immune defenses. The hypothesis provides a framework for organizing prior empirical research on the impact of developmental environments on innate and acquired immunity, and suggests promising directions for future research in human ecological immunology.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.