ArticlePloS one2016
Normal and Fibrotic Rat Livers Demonstrate Shear Strain Softening and Compression Stiffening: A Model for Soft Tissue Mechanics.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Tissue Strain Mapping via Magnetic Resonance Elastography Can Be Used to Detect Active Lesion Expansion.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- MR elastography in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: tumor stiffening during compression induced by respiration to assess microvascular invasion.European radiology · 2026Article
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- Cholesterol-containing lipid crystals can directly stiffen the rat steatotic liver before fibrosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The role of non-linear viscoelastic hydrogel mechanics in cell culture and transduction.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Modeling tumor transport and growth with poroelastic biopolymer networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Revisiting the biophysical aspects of extracellular-matrix-mimicking hydrogels: what cells seeBiomaterials science · 2025Review
- Structural and Mechanical Characterization of Collagen-Hyaluronan Hydrogels Used to Study Cancer Cell Invasion through the Bladder Wall.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- The mechanobiology of fibroblast activation in disease.APL bioengineering · 2025Review
- Shear and Compressive Stiffening of Dual-Cross-Linked Alginate Hydrogels with Tunable Viscoelasticity.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- Rheological Investigation of Polydimethylsiloxane with Glass Beads: A Model for Compression-Stiffening Effects in Soft Tissue Engineering.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Deciphering mechanical cues in the microenvironment: from non-malignant settings to tumor progression.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Myofibers cultured in viscoelastic hydrogels reveal the effects of integrin-binding and mechanosensing on muscle satellite cells.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- Tissue-dependent mechanosensing by cells derived from human tumors.npj biological physics and mechanics · 2025Article
- The role of extracellular matrix viscoelasticity in development and disease.npj biological physics and mechanics · 2025Review
- Bacteria Colonies Modify Their Shear and Compressive Mechanical Properties in Response to Different Growth Substrates.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Viscoelasticity of ECM and cells-origin, measurement and correlation.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2024Review
- Mechanical Properties of Inflamed Appendix Tissues.Biomedicines · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tissues including liver stiffen and acquire more extracellular matrix with fibrosis. The relationship between matrix content and stiffness, however, is non-linear, and stiffness is only one component of tissue mechanics. The mechanical response of tissues such as liver to physiological stresses is not well described, and models of tissue mechanics are limited. To better understand the mechanics of the normal and fibrotic rat liver, we carried out a series of studies using parallel plate rheometry, measuring the response to compressive, extensional, and shear strains. We found that the shear storage and loss moduli G' and G" and the apparent Young's moduli measured by uniaxial strain orthogonal to the shear direction increased markedly with both progressive fibrosis and increasing compression, that livers shear strain softened, and that significant increases in shear modulus with compressional stress occurred within a range consistent with increased sinusoidal pressures in liver disease. Proteoglycan content and integrin-matrix interactions were significant determinants of liver mechanics, particularly in compression. We propose a new non-linear constitutive model of the liver. A key feature of this model is that, while it assumes overall liver incompressibility, it takes into account water flow and solid phase compressibility. In sum, we report a detailed study of non-linear liver mechanics under physiological strains in the normal state, early fibrosis, and late fibrosis. We propose a constitutive model that captures compression stiffening, tension softening, and shear softening, and can be understood in terms of the cellular and matrix components of the liver.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.