Trial reportPloS one2016
Micronutrient-Fortified Rice Can Increase Hookworm Infection Risk: A Cluster Randomized Trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01706419 (Fortified Rice for School Children in Cambodia), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fortified Rice for School Children in Cambodia: Effects on Micronutrient Status, Growth, Cognition and Health.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Fortification of rice with vitamins and minerals for addressing micronutrient malnutrition.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Faecal microbiota of schoolchildren is associated with nutritional status and markers of inflammation: a double-blinded cluster-randomized controlled trial using multi-micronutrient fortified rice.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Consumption of Sinlek Rice Drink Improved Red Cell Indices in Anemic Elderly Subjects.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Trial
- Effects of water, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions on soil-transmitted helminth infections in young children: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Article
- Equity implications of rice fortification: a modelling study from Nepal.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Should Research on the Nutritional Potential and Health Benefits of Fermented Cereals Focus More on the General Health Status of Populations in Developing Countries?Microorganisms · 2017Article
- Estimated Nutritive Value of Low-Price Model Lunch Sets Provided to Garment Workers in Cambodia.Nutrients · 2017Article
- Dietary strategies for improving iron status: balancing safety and efficacy.Nutrition reviews · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFortification of staple foods is considered an effective and safe strategy to combat micronutrient deficiencies, thereby improving health. While improving micronutrient status might be expected to have positive effects on immunity, some studies have reported increases in infections or inflammation after iron supplementation.
objectiveTo study effects of micronutrient-fortified rice on hookworm infection in Cambodian schoolchildren.
methodsA double-blinded, cluster-randomized trial was conducted in 16 Cambodian primary schools partaking in the World Food Program school meal program. Three types of multi-micronutrient fortified rice were tested against placebo rice within the school meal program: UltraRice_original, UltraRice_improved and NutriRice. Four schools were randomly assigned to each study group (placebo n = 492, UltraRice_original n = 479, UltraRice_improved n = 500, NutriRice n = 506). Intestinal parasite infection was measured in fecal samples by Kato-Katz method at baseline and after three and seven months. In a subgroup (N = 330), fecal calprotectin was measured by ELISA as a marker for intestinal inflammation.
resultsBaseline prevalence of hookworm infection was 18.6%, but differed considerably among schools (range 0%- 48.1%).Micronutrient-fortified rice significantly increased risk of new hookworm infection. This effect was modified by baseline hookworm prevalence at the school; hookworm infection risk was increased by all three types of fortified rice in schools where baseline prevalence was high (>15%), and only by UltraRice_original in schools with low baseline prevalence. Neither hookworm infection nor fortified rice was related to fecal calprotectin.
conclusionsConsumption of rice fortified with micronutrients can increase hookworm prevalence, especially in environments with high infection pressure. When considering fortification of staple foods, a careful risk-benefit analysis is warranted, taking into account severity of micronutrient deficiencies and local prevalence of parasitic infections.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01706419.
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Registered trials
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