ArticlePloS one2016
Validation of a Low-Cost Paper-Based Screening Test for Sickle Cell Anemia.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validation of Gazelle Microchip Electrophoresis for Premarital Hemoglobinopathy Screening in Türkiye.EJHaem · 2026Article
- Acoustic probing of new biomarkers for rapid sickle cell disease screening.Lab on a chip · 2026Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of HemoTypeSC for detecting sickle cell disease in newborns: A multicentric study.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Lab-on-paper diagnostics for blood sample analysis: a review.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Review
- Utility of Low-cost Paper Based Haemoglobin Solubility Test for the Rapid Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease.Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · 2025Article
- Non - Invasive, smartphone image-based screening for sickle cell disease at the point-of-need.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Caluquembe, southwestern Angola, 2024-2025.PloS one · 2025Article
- Newborn screening initiatives for sickle cell disease in Africa.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2024Review
- Sickle cell anemia and pregnancy: Profile of hemodynamic changes in sickle cell pregnant women in Kinshasa.EJHaem · 2023Article
- Translating diagnostics and drug delivery technologies to low-resource settings.Science translational medicine · 2022Review
- Evaluation of Paper-Based Point of Care Screening Test for Sickle Cell Disease.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2022Article
- In-Country Method Validation of a Paper-Based, Smartphone-Assisted Iron Sensor for Corn Flour Fortification Programs.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Red cell distribution width as a surrogate marker of haemoglobinopathies in western Kenya.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2022Article
- Techniques for the Detection of Sickle Cell Disease: A Review.Micromachines · 2021Review
- Allele-Specific Recombinase Polymerase Amplification to Detect Sickle Cell Disease in Low-Resource Settings.Analytical chemistry · 2021Article
- An Innovative Multilevel Test for Hemoglobinopathies: TGA/Chemometrics Simultaneously Identifies and Classifies Sickle Cell Disease From Thalassemia.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Paper-based inkjet bioprinting to detect fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A modular, open-source, slide-scanning microscope for diagnostic applications in resource-constrained settings.PloS one · 2018Article
- To test or not: occurrence of sickle cell trait and assessment of the awareness toward its screening among patients attending Magale Health Center IV, Namisindwa District, Eastern Uganda.Journal of blood medicine · 2018Article
- White Paper: Pathways to Progress in Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of tropical diseases & public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe high childhood mortality and life-long complications associated with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in developing countries could be significantly reduced with effective prophylaxis and education if SCA is diagnosed early in life. However, conventional laboratory methods used for diagnosing SCA remain prohibitively expensive and impractical in this setting. This study describes the clinical validation of a low-cost paper-based test for SCA that can accurately identify sickle trait carriers (HbAS) and individuals with SCA (HbSS) among adults and children over 1 year of age. METHODS AND
findingsIn a population of healthy volunteers and SCA patients in the United States (n = 55) the test identified individuals whose blood contained any HbS (HbAS and HbSS) with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for both visual evaluation and automated analysis, and detected SCA (HbSS) with 93% sensitivity and 94% specificity for visual evaluation and 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity for automated analysis. In a population of post-partum women (with a previously unknown SCA status) at a primary obstetric hospital in Cabinda, Angola (n = 226) the test identified sickle cell trait carriers with 94% sensitivity and 97% specificity using visual evaluation (none of the women had SCA). Notably, our test permits instrument- and electricity-free visual diagnostics, requires minimal training to be performed, can be completed within 30 minutes, and costs about $0.07 in test-specific consumable materials.
conclusionsOur results validate the paper-based SCA test as a useful low-cost tool for screening adults and children for sickle trait and disease and demonstrate its practicality in resource-limited clinical settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.