Trial reportMedicine2016
Effects of Cold Water Immersion on Muscle Oxygenation During Repeated Bouts of Fatiguing Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Study.
Trial report in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Males benefit more from cold water immersion during repeated handgrip contractions than females despite similar oxygen kinetics.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2020Trial
- Multiple Cold-Water Immersions Attenuate Muscle Damage but not Alter Systemic Inflammation and Muscle Function Recovery: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Cold Water Immersion or Foam Rolling? A Randomized Crossover Trial Comparing Recovery Effects on High-Intensity Performance and Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation in Soccer Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cold water immersion protocol optimization across exercise modalities: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of resistance training, endurance exercise, and team sport applications.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Effects of cold-water immersion at different body regions on post-exercise muscle damage recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Effects of a Cooling Vest on Core and Skin Temperatures Following a Soccer-Specific Exercise Protocol.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of Whole-Body and Lower-Body Cold-Water Immersion on Exercise-Induced Pain Score, Muscle Damage Indices, and Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Physiological monitoring to prevent diving disorders.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Water intake and obesity: By amount, timing, and perceived temperature of drinking water.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effects of an Exercise Program and Cold-Water Immersion Recovery in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Feasibility Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Grounding (earthing) as related to electromagnetic hygiene: An integrative review.Biomedical journal · 2023Review
- Bilateral Knee Joint Cooling on Anaerobic Capacity and Wheel Cadence during Sprint Cycling Intervals.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Different Cold-Water Immersion Temperatures on Neuromotor Performance in Young Athletes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The effect of Liquid ice after high-intensity exercise on muscle function compared to Block ice.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2022Article
- Effects of cold water immersion and compression garment use after eccentric exercise on recovery.Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry · 2019Article
- Post-exercise cold-water immersion improves the performance in a subsequent 5-km running trial.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2018Article
- Effects of knee extension with different speeds of movement on muscle and cerebral oxygenation.PeerJ · 2018Article
- Skin Temperature Measurement Using Contact Thermometry: A Systematic Review of Setup Variables and Their Effects on Measured Values.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Review
- The Physiological Profile Following Two Popular Cold Interventions After Activity in Hot and Humid Environment.American journal of men's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Postexercise cold water immersion has been advocated to athletes as a means of accelerating recovery and improving performance. Given the effects of cold water immersion on blood flow, evaluating in vivo changes in tissue oxygenation during cold water immersion may help further our understanding of this recovery modality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold water immersion on muscle oxygenation and performance during repeated bouts of fatiguing exercise in a group of healthy young adults. Twenty healthy subjects performed 2 fatiguing bouts of maximal dynamic knee extension and flexion contractions both concentrically on an isokinetic dynamometer with a 10-min recovery period in between. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a cold water immersion (treatment) or passive recovery (control) group. Changes in muscle oxygenation were monitored continuously using near-infrared spectroscopy. Muscle performance was measured with isokinetic dynamometry during each fatiguing bout. Skin temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle soreness ratings were also assessed. Repeated measures ANOVA analysis was used to evaluate treatment effects. The treatment group had a significantly lower mean heart rate and lower skin temperature compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Cold water immersion attenuated a reduction in tissue oxygenation in the second fatiguing bout by 4% when compared with control. Muscle soreness was rated lower 1 day post-testing (P < 0.05). However, cold water immersion had no significant effect on muscle performance in subsequent exercise. As the results show that cold water immersion attenuated decreased tissue oxygenation in subsequent exercise performance, the metabolic response to exercise after cold water immersion is worthy of further exploration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.