ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2015
Pioglitazone regulates myelin phagocytosis and multiple sclerosis monocytes.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- CSF inflammatory biomarkers responsive to treatment in progressive multiple sclerosis capture residual inflammation associated with axonal damage.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2019Trial
- Repair mechanisms of the central nervous system: From axon sprouting to remyelination.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Multiple Sclerosis Patient Macrophages Impaired Metabolism Leads to an Altered Response to Activation Stimuli.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Cannabinoids' Role in Modulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction of peripheral immune cells in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Targeting Fibronectin to Overcome Remyelination Failure in Multiple Sclerosis: The Need for Brain- and Lesion-Targeted Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- Common Peripheral Immunity Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Altered PPARγ Expression Promotes Myelin-Induced Foam Cell Formation in Macrophages in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Bexarotene normalizes chemotherapy-induced myelin decompaction and reverses cognitive and sensorimotor deficits in mice.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2020Article
- Targeting foam cell formation in inflammatory brain diseases by the histone modifier MS-275.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2020Article
- Enhanced axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination offers neuroprotection: implications for multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica · 2020Article
- Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease: Is the Adaptive Immune System a Friend or Foe?Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Review
- Astrocytes and Microglia as Major Players of Myelin Production in Normal and Pathological Conditions.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Review
- Microglia response following acute demyelination is heterogeneous and limits infiltrating macrophage dispersion.Science advances · 2020Article
- pHERV-W envelope protein fuels microglial cell-dependent damage of myelinated axons in multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Benzophenone-3 Impairs Autophagy, Disrupts RXRs/PPARγ Signaling, and Alters Epigenetic and Post-Translational Statuses in Brain Neurons.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Transcriptional profiling of human microglia reveals grey-white matter heterogeneity and multiple sclerosis-associated changes.Nature communications · 2019Article
- The physiology of foamy phagocytes in multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Myeloid phagocytes, including blood monocytes recruited to demyelinating lesions, may play a dual role in MS: on one hand, they might enhance CNS damage after differentiating toward a proinflammatory phenotype; on the other, they promote remyelination and repair through effective phagocytosis of myelin debris. We have previously determined that the retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays an important role in monocyte phagocytosis of myelin. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is an RXR binding partner that plays a key role in myeloid cell biology and is targeted by the thiazolidinedione group of antidiabetics such as pioglitazone. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine if monocyte functions and differentiation profiles differ in MS patients compared to healthy volunteers (HV) and whether pioglitazone can reverse these differences to promote CNS recovery.
methodsMonocytes were isolated from MS patients and HV (n ≥ 36/group), and their ability to phagocytose myelin and modulate inflammation in the presence/absence of 1 μmol/L pioglitazone (the in vivo achievable concentration) was quantified by flow cytometry, transcriptional profiling, and proteomic assays.
resultsMS monocytes display impaired phagocytosis of myelin debris and enhanced proinflammatory differentiation. Pioglitazone treatment causes partial normalization of identified monocyte abnormalities in MS and fully reverses the deficit in myelin phagocytosis.
interpretationThese findings suggest that by inhibiting proinflammatory differentiation of monocytes and enhancing their phagocytosis of myelin, pioglitazone may be a useful adjunct therapy to immunomodulatory agents that target dysregulated adaptive immunity in MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.