ReviewFrontiers in immunology2015
Multiple Sclerosis between Genetics and Infections: Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Monocytes and Macrophages.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Up-to-date knowledge about the association between multiple sclerosis and the reactivation of human endogenous retrovirus infections.Journal of neurology · 2018Pooled it
- The relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections: A focus on the value of HERVs in disease prediction and treatment.Virulence · 2025Review
- Immune response profiling of HERV-W envelope proteins in multiple sclerosis: potential biomarkers for disease progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The evaluation of human endogenous retroviral env expression in normal and cancerous tissues of the breast.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Mood Symptoms and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Due to Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Are Associated with Immune Activation and Aberrations in the Erythron.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- HSV-1 and Endogenous Retroviruses as Risk Factors in Demyelination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Cumulative Roles for Epstein-Barr Virus, Human Endogenous Retroviruses, and Human Herpes Virus-6 in Driving an Inflammatory Cascade Underlying MS Pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Impact of depression and fatigue on relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2020Article
- Extrapituitary prolactin promotes generation of Eomes-positive helper T cells mediating neuroinflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- The Interaction between Viral and Environmental Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Article
- Role of Exosomes in Human Retroviral Mediated Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2018Review
- Butyrylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase polymorphisms in Multiple Sclerosis patients: implication in peripheral inflammation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Related Endogenous Retrovirus-K Elements Harbor Distinct Protease Active Site Motifs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- HERV Envelope Proteins: Physiological Role and Pathogenic Potential in Cancer and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Viruses and endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis: From correlation to causation.Acta neurologica Scandinavica · 2017Review
- Review
- Review
- Altered humoral immunity to mycobacterial antigens in Japanese patients affected by inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Predicted structure of MIF/CD74 and RTL1000/CD74 complexes.Metabolic brain disease · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown, but there is strong evidence that genetic predisposition associated with environmental factors can trigger the disease. An estimated 30 million years ago, exogenous retroviruses are thought to have integrated themselves into human germ line cells, becoming part of human DNA and being transmitted over generations. Usually such human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are silenced or expressed at low levels, but in some pathological conditions, such as MS, their expression is higher than that in the healthy population. Three HERV families have been associated with MS: HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W. The envelope protein of MS-associated retrovirus (MSRV) from the HERV-W family currently has the strongest evidence as a potential trigger for MS. In addition to expression in peripheral immune cells, MSRV is expressed in monocytes and microglia in central nervous system lesions of people with MS and, through the activation of toll-like receptor 4, it has been shown to drive the production of proinflammatory cytokines, reduction of myelin protein expression, and death of oligodendrocyte precursors. In conclusion, the association between HERVs and MS is well documented and a pathological role for MSRV in MS is plausible. Further studies are required to determine whether the presence of these HERVs is a cause or an effect of immune dysregulation in MS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.