ReviewFrontiers in immunology2015
B Cells Are Multifunctional Players in Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Insights from Therapeutic Interventions.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustained immunotolerance in multiple sclerosis after stem cell transplant.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Trial
- Reconstitution of immune cell populations in multiple sclerosis patients after autologous stem cell transplantation.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Trial
- Selected Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Preliminary reference range for B cell subpopulations in peripheral blood of healthy Malaysian children aged 2-15 years.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bioactive Phytochemicals in Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Translational Potential.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Regulating the regulators via targeting CD38 in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Decreased IgD- CD27- double negative B cells in Sjögren's disease correlated with disease activity index.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Longitudinal immune profiling following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: insights into immune reconstitution and disease modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Remibrutinib (LOU064) inhibits neuroinflammation driven by B cells and myeloid cells in preclinical models of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- The role of Smo-Shh/Gli signaling activation in the prevention of neurological and ageing disorders.Biogerontology · 2023Review
- Progress in nanoparticle-based regulation of immune cells.Medical review (2021) · 2023Review
- Identification of a novel role for matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the modulation of B cell responses in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Dopaminergic stimulation leads B-cell infiltration into the central nervous system upon autoimmunity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Anti-CD20 treatment effectively attenuates cortical pathology in a rat model of widespread cortical demyelination.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Suppression of neuroinflammation by an allosteric agonist and positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor GAT107.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Immune Regulatory Cell Bias Following Alemtuzumab Treatment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- A Review of the Various Roles and Participation Levels of B-Cells in Non-Infectious Uveitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- From Cancer to Immune-Mediated Diseases and Tolerance Induction: Lessons Learned From Immune Oncology and Classical Anti-cancer Treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by autoimmune inflammation and neurodegeneration. Historically, damage to the CNS was thought to be mediated predominantly by activated pro-inflammatory T cells. B cell involvement in the pathogenesis of MS was solely attributed to autoantibody production. The first clues for the involvement of antibody-independent B cell functions in MS pathology came from positive results in clinical trials of the B cell-depleting treatment rituximab in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. The survival of antibody-secreting plasma cells and decrease in T cell numbers indicated the importance of other B cell functions in MS such as antigen presentation, costimulation, and cytokine production. Rituximab provided us with an example of how clinical trials can lead to new research opportunities concerning B cell biology. Moreover, analysis of the antibody-independent B cell functions in MS has gained interest since these trials. Limited information is present on the effects of current immunomodulatory therapies on B cell functions, although effects of both first-line (interferon, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, and teriflunomide), second-line (fingolimod, natalizumab), and even third-line (monoclonal antibody therapies) treatments on B cell subtype distribution, expression of functional surface markers, and secretion of different cytokines by B cells have been studied to some extent. In this review, we summarize the effects of different MS-related treatments on B cell functions that have been described up to now in order to find new research opportunities and contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.