Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26733575›Full record

ArticleGenome biology and evolution2016

The Interrelationships of Placental Mammals and the Limits of Phylogenetic Inference.

James E Tarver, Mario Dos Reis, Siavash Mirarab, Raymond J Moran, Sean Parker, Joseph E O'Reilly, Benjamin L King, Mary J O'Connell, Robert J Asher, Tandy Warnow and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Genomic Distortion of Jawed Vertebrate Phylogeny.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  7. Accurate, scalable, and fully automated inference of species trees from raw genome assemblies using ROADIES.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

James E TarverDepartment of Biology, The National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom james.tarver@bristol.ac.uk davide.pisani@bristol.ac.uk.
Mario Dos ReisDepartment of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, United Kingdom School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
Siavash MirarabDepartment of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego.
Raymond J MoranComputational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leeds.
Sean ParkerSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
Joseph E O'ReillySchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
Benjamin L KingMount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine.
Mary J O'ConnellComputational and Molecular Evolutionary Biology Group, School of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leeds.
Robert J AsherMuseum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Tandy WarnowDepartment of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego Departments of Bioengineering and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Kevin J PetersonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
Philip C J DonoghueSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
Davide PisaniSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom james.tarver@bristol.ac.uk davide.pisani@bristol.ac.uk.

Funding

The Maine Biomedical Research Network (INBRE)P20GM103423 · NIGMS · MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LAB · PI Dustin Lynn Updike · 2012 to 2026
$60.0M
Understanding the role of thyroid hormone signaling during axolotl limb regenerationP20GM104318 · NIGMS · MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LAB · PI DRUMMOND, IAIN A. · 2013 to 2023
$23.0M
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/G006660/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/J00538X/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/J009709/1NIGMS NIH HHS GM103423NIGMS NIH HHS GM104318NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103423NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM104318
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Placental mammals comprise three principal clades: Afrotheria (e.g., elephants and tenrecs), Xenarthra (e.g., armadillos and sloths), and Boreoeutheria (all other placental mammals), the relationships among which are the subject of controversy and a touchstone for debate on the limits of phylogenetic inference. Previous analyses have found support for all three hypotheses, leading some to conclude that this phylogenetic problem might be impossible to resolve due to the compounded effects of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and a rapid radiation. Here we show, using a genome scale nucleotide data set, microRNAs, and the reanalysis of the three largest previously published amino acid data sets, that the root of Placentalia lies between Atlantogenata and Boreoeutheria. Although we found evidence for ILS in early placental evolution, we are able to reject previous conclusions that the placental root is a hard polytomy that cannot be resolved. Reanalyses of previous data sets recover Atlantogenata + Boreoeutheria and show that contradictory results are a consequence of poorly fitting evolutionary models; instead, when the evolutionary process is better-modeled, all data sets converge on Atlantogenata. Our Bayesian molecular clock analysis estimates that marsupials diverged from placentals 157-170 Ma, crown Placentalia diverged 86-100 Ma, and crown Atlantogenata diverged 84-97 Ma. Our results are compatible with placental diversification being driven by dispersal rather than vicariance mechanisms, postdating early phases in the protracted opening of the Atlantic Ocean.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularModels, GeneticPhylogenyAnimalsFemaleFossilsGenetic SpeciationGenomeMammalsMicroRNAsPlacentaPregnancyMicroRNAsgenomemammalianmicroRNApalaeontologyphylogenyplacental

Identifiers

PMID26733575
PMCPMC4779606

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.