ArticleBMC research notes2016
Human cathelicidin, LL-37, inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in polarized airway epithelial cells.
Article in BMC research notes, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D Modulation of the Innate Immune Response to Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens Associated with Acute Lower Respiratory Infections.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Role of antimicrobial peptide-based biomaterials in respiratory tract infections control.BMC microbiology · 2026Review
- Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) is toxic during neonatal murine influenza virus infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Human coronaviruses: activation and antagonism of innate immune responses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Human LL-37 Prevents Deaths from Viral Infections in Piglets and Chicken.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) and the Microbiome in Preterm Infants: Consequences and Opportunities for Future Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19.Viruses · 2023Review
- Antiviral polysaccharide and antiviral peptide delivering nanomaterials for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 caused COVID-19 and other viral diseases.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Review
- Understanding the Roles of Host Defense Peptides in Immune Modulation: From Antimicrobial Action to Potential as Adjuvants.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Flow-Based Fmoc-SPPS Preparation and SAR Study of Cathelicidin-PY Reveals Selective Antimicrobial Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Preventing Respiratory Viral Diseases with Antimicrobial Peptide Master Regulators in the Lung Airway Habitat.Clinics and practice · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial peptides: A promising tool to combat multidrug resistance in SARS CoV2 era.Microbiological research · 2022Review
- HD5 and LL-37 Inhibit SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Binding to Human ACE2 by Molecular Simulation.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2021Article
- Preventing the development of severe COVID-19 by modifying immunothrombosis.Life sciences · 2021Review
- Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Ramping Up Antimicrobial Peptides Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2020Review
- Utilizing Organoid and Air-Liquid Interface Models as a Screening Method in the Development of New Host Defense Peptides.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Citrullination Alters the Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activities of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 During Rhinovirus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in young children worldwide. Treatment options for severe RSV disease remain limited and the development of therapeutic treatment strategies remains a priority. LL-37, a small cationic host defense peptide involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial responses, reduces replication of or infection by multiple viruses, including influenza virus, in vitro, and protects against lethal challenge with influenza virus in vivo. LL-37 also protects against RSV infection of HEp-2 cells in vitro; however, HEp-2 are not reflective of polarized airway epithelial cells and respond differently to RSV infection. An air-liquid interface (ALI) Calu-3 model that more closely mimics the human airway epithelium was established. Using this in vitro model, the effectiveness of LL-37 in preventing RSV infection and replication was examined.
resultsLL-37, when pre-incubated with virus prior to RSV infection (prophylactic), significantly reduced the level of viral genome detected in infected Calu-3 cells, and decreased chemokine expression associated with RSV infection in vitro. In contrast, therapeutic treatment of RSV-infected ALI Calu-3 at 24 h and 3 days post-infection had minimal impact on RSV infection.
conclusionsDifferences in the efficacy of LL-37 at reducing RSV infection under prophylactic and therapeutic conditions may in part be ascribed to differences in the method of peptide exposure. However, the efficacy of LL-37 at reducing RSV infection under prophylactic conditions indicates that further studies examining the efficacy of LL-37 as a small peptide inhibitor of RSV are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.