ReviewFrontiers in immunology2015
B Cells in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System: Trafficking and Contribution to CNS-Compartmentalized Inflammation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Elusive B Cell Antigen in Multiple Sclerosis: Time to Rethink CNS B Cell Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab biosimilar (Xacrel) compared to the originator (Ocrevus) in relapsing multiple sclerosis: a phase III, randomized, equivalency, clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Early adaptive immune activation detected in monozygotic twins with prodromal multiple sclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Long-term clinical and biomarker observations following rituximab exposure in two siblings with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy: a preliminary familial case series.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Personalised Anti-CD20 Retreatment in Multiple Sclerosis: Precision Medicine or Precision Pharmacology?European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cells and neuroinflammation: a multimodal approach to neuroprotection and future therapeutic horizons.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Integrin β1 Demarks Precursors of Brain-Residing Antibody-Secreting Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- High-Dose Ethanol-Induced Immunosuppression Modulates Sex-Specific Disease Outcomes in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- The emerging role of B cells in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Real-world effectiveness and safety of ofatumumab in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study integrating clinical, cognitive, and MRI outcomes.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- CNS-compartmentalized IgG aggregates and glycosylation in multiple sclerosis contribute to oligoclonal bands and neuronal cytotoxicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential of TAM receptors in autoimmune diseases: insights from original studies.Oxford open immunology · 2026Review
- CAR T cells as novel therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis and other neuroimmune disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Antinuclear antibodies in early multiple sclerosis reflect systemic lupus erythematosus shared risk factors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relevance of Kappa and Lambda Free Light Chains in Autoimmune Astrocytopathy Associated With Anti-GFAP Antibodies.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Cucurbita pepo Extract in Cuprizone-Induced Multiple Sclerosis Animal Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Identifying a potential role of immune cells in gadolinium deposition within the brain.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Differences of the 6N and 6J Substrains of C57BL/6 Mice in the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.MedComm · 2025Article
- TGFα controls checkpoints in CNS resident and infiltrating immune cells to promote resolution of inflammation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- NEK2 regulates B cell function and the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical trial results of peripheral B cell depletion indicate abnormal proinflammatory B cell properties, and particularly antibody-independent functions, contribute to relapsing MS disease activity. However, potential roles of B cells in progressive forms of disease continue to be debated. Prior work indicates that presence of B cells is fostered within the inflamed MS central nervous system (CNS) environment, and that B cell-rich immune cell collections may be present within the meninges of patients. A potential association is reported between such meningeal immune cell collections and the subpial pattern of cortical injury that is now considered important in progressive disease. Elucidating the characteristics of B cells that populate the MS CNS, how they traffic into the CNS and how they may contribute to progressive forms of the disease has become of considerable interest. Here, we will review characteristics of human B cells identified within distinct CNS subcompartments of patients with MS, including the cerebrospinal fluid, parenchymal lesions, and meninges, as well as the relationship between B cell populations identified in these subcompartments and the periphery. We will further describe the different barriers of the CNS and the possible mechanisms of migration of B cells across these barriers. Finally, we will consider the range of human B cell responses (including potential for antibody production, cytokine secretion, and antigen presentation) that may contribute to propagating inflammation and injury cascades thought to underlie MS progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.