Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26732054›Full record

ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2016

Clinical and economic burden of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Karina Raimundo, Eunice Chang, Michael S Broder, Kimberly Alexander, James Zazzali, Jeffrey J Swigris

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Economic burden and cost drivers of interstitial lung disease: a systematic review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Pooled it
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  6. Review
  7. Article
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  9. Rewiring the scar: translational advances in cardiac fibrosis.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2025
    Review
  10. Global epidemiology and burden of interstitial lung disease.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2025
    Review
  11. Pulmonary fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Plumbagin attenuates Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Burden of illness in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2022
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Karina RaimundoGenentech Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA. raimundo.karina@gene.com.
Eunice ChangPHAR, LLC, Beverly Hills, CA, USA. echang@pharllc.com.
Michael S BroderPHAR, LLC, Beverly Hills, CA, USA. mbroder@pharllc.com.
Kimberly AlexanderGenentech Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA. alexander.kimberly@gene.com.
James ZazzaliGenentech Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA. jamesz@gene.com.
Jeffrey J SwigrisNational Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA. SwigrisJ@njhealth.org.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating condition with a variable course. Not uncommonly, IPF patients are hospitalized for respiratory-related causes, including disease worsening. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence, and economic and health care burden of IPF.

methodsRetrospective insurance claims data collected yearly between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011, were used to determine prevalence and calculate all-cause and respiratory-related resource utilization and costs. Patients had at least one inpatient claim or two outpatient claims for IPF (ICD-9-CM code 516.3). Results for health care burden are reported for the 2011 cohort (similar findings in 2009-2010). Costs are reported in 2011 US dollars ($).

resultsPatients with IPF had a mean age of 69.8-71.3 years. Overall prevalence for IPF was 28.8, 28.1 and 19.8 per 100,000 insured persons in 2009, 2010 and 2011. In each year, prevalence increased with age. In 2011, 37.7% of patients were hospitalized at least once for any cause; 19.5% for respiratory-related reasons. Also in 2011, the mean number of all-cause outpatient visits and respiratory-related office visits was 18.5 and 5.7 per patient, respectively. All-cause health care costs in 2011 were $59,379 per patient; 36.6% of costs ($21,732) were respiratory related.

conclusionsThe prevalence of IPF in this claims database increased with age, with a notable increase in those over 65 years. IPF is associated with a large economic and health care burden. Additional research is needed to determine how such burden might be reduced.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAmbulatory CareCohort StudiesDatabases, FactualFemaleHealth Care CostsHospitalizationHumansIdiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesUnited States

Identifiers

PMID26732054
PMCPMC4702364

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.