ReviewTranslational psychiatry2016
Dysfunction in the coagulation system and schizophrenia.
Review in Translational psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Management of patients with protein s deficiency: focus on clinical course and direct oral anticoagulants.Thrombosis journal · 2026Article
- Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic schizophrenia: prevalence, clinical correlates, and paradoxical associations with symptom severity.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Clozapine-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Continuation of Clozapine Therapy With Concurrent Anticoagulation.Case reports in psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Multi-Omics Integration Framework with Automated Machine Learning Identifies Peripheral Immune-Coagulation Biomarkers for Schizophrenia Risk Stratification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Body fluid biomarkers and psychosis risk in The Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program: design considerations.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals that SERPING1 inhibits neuronal proliferationWorld journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Molecular and Functional Analysis of TLR 1, 2 and 6 in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- High Prevalence of aCL-IgA and aβ2GPI-IgA in Drug-Free Schizophrenia Patients: Evidence of a Potential Autoimmune Link.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Hypercoagulable state in patients with schizophrenia: different effects of acute and chronic antipsychotic medications.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- A rare case of schizophrenia coexistence with antiphospholipid syndrome, β-thalassemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Dysregulation of complement and coagulation pathways: emerging mechanisms in the development of psychosis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Current State of Fluid Lipid Biomarkers for Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Related Psychoses: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Complement pathway changes at age 12 are associated with psychotic experiences at age 18 in a longitudinal population-based study: evidence for a role of stress.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Development of Proteomic Prediction Models for Transition to Psychotic Disorder in the Clinical High-Risk State and Psychotic Experiences in Adolescence.JAMA psychiatry · 2021Article
- COVID-19 in People With Schizophrenia: Potential Mechanisms Linking Schizophrenia to Poor Prognosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Oxidative Stress Impact on the Transcriptome of Differentiating Neuroblastoma Cells: Implication for Psychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Diagnosing Organic Causes of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Findings from a One-Year Cohort of the Freiburg Diagnostic Protocol in Psychosis (FDPP).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- COVID-19, hypercoagulation and what it could mean for patients with psychotic disorders.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Review
- Schizophrenia and Epigenetic Aging Biomarkers: Increased Mortality, Reduced Cancer Risk, and Unique Clozapine Effects.Biological psychiatry · 2020Article
- Impact of Type and Duration of Use of Antipsychotic Drugs on Plasma Levels of Selected Acute-Phase Proteins in Patients with Major Mental Illnesses.Biomedical research journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although different hypotheses have been formulated to explain schizophrenia pathogenesis, the links between them are weak. The observation that five psychotic patients on chronic warfarin therapy for deep-vein thrombosis showed long-term remission of psychotic symptoms made us suspect that abnormalities in the coagulation pathway, specifically low tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity, could be one of the missing links. Our hypothesis is supported by a high prevalence of conditions affecting tPA activity in drug-naive schizophrenia, such as antiphospholipid antibodies, elevated cytokine levels, hyperinsulinemia and hyperhomocysteinemia. We recently screened a group of schizophrenia patients and controls for conditions affecting tPA activity. Free-protein S deficiency was highly prevalent among patients, but not found in controls. Free-protein S and functional protein C are natural anticoagulants that form complexes that inhibit tPA inhibitors. All participants had normal protein C levels, suggesting that protein S could have a role in schizophrenia, independent of protein C. Chronic patients and those studied during acute episodes had between three and six conditions affecting tPA and/or protein S activity, while patients in remission had up to two, which led us to postulate that multiple conditions affecting tPA and/or protein S activity could contribute to the full expression of schizophrenia phenotype. This paper describes the physiological roles of tPA and protein S, reviewing how their activity influences pathogenesis and comorbidity of schizophrenia. Next, it analyzes how activity of tPA and protein S is influenced by biochemical abnormalities found in schizophrenia. Last, it suggests future directions for research, such as studies on animal models and on therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia aiming at increasing tPA and protein S activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.