ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2016
Origins and Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis D Virus.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multistep receptor binding of the hepatitis B virus preS1 domain.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A wide diversity of viruses detected in African mammals involved in the wild meat supply chain.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Discovery of novel HBV core protein inhibitors by high throughput virtual screening.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evolutionary View of Liver Pathology.Evolutionary applications · 2024Review
- Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: New Approaches towards Cure.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes E to J: The Overlooked Genotypes.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Epidemiology Pattern, Prevalent Genotype Distribution, Fighting Stigma and Control Options for Hepatitis D in Bulgaria and Other European Countries.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Conversion of hepatitis B virus relaxed circular to covalently closed circular DNA is supported in murine cells.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- Phylogeography of hepatitis B virus: The role of Portugal in the early dissemination of HBV worldwide.PloS one · 2022Article
- Reconstruction of the origin and dispersal of the worldwide dominant Hepatitis B Virus subgenotype D1.Virus evolution · 2022Review
- Genotype E: The neglected genotype of hepatitis B virus.World journal of hepatology · 2021Review
- Comparison of Two Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in the Slovak Republic.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Complex structural variations in non-human primate hepatitis B virus.Virology journal · 2021Article
- Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration, Chronic Infections and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- The Baltimore Classification of Viruses 50 Years Later: How Does It Stand in the Light of Virus Evolution?Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2021Review
- Global prevalence and phylogeny of hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug and vaccine resistance mutations.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2021Article
- Review
- The Role of Bcl-xL Protein in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Members of the family Hepadnaviridae fall into two subgroups: mammalian and avian. The detection of endogenous avian hepadnavirus DNA integrated into the genomes of zebra finches has revealed a deep evolutionary origin of hepadnaviruses that was not previously recognized, dating back at least 40 million and possibly >80 million years ago. The nonprimate mammalian members of the Hepadnaviridae include the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), the ground squirrel hepatitis virus, and arctic squirrel hepatitis virus, as well as a number of members of the recently described bat hepatitis virus. The identification of hepatitis B viruses (HBVs) in higher primates, such as chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbons that cluster with the human HBV, as well as a number of recombinant forms between humans and primates, further implies a more complex origin of this virus. We discuss the current theories of the origin and evolution of HBV and propose a model that includes cross-species transmissions and subsequent recombination events on a genetic backbone of genotype C HBV infection. The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus requiring the presence of the HBV for the completion of its life cycle. The origins of this virus remain unknown, although some recent studies have suggested an ancient African radiation. The age of the association between HDV and HBV is also unknown.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.