ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2016
The Epidemiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the US Military: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study.
Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome After Infectious Enteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Gastroenterology · 2017Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial on Lactobacillus-containing cultured milk drink as adjuvant therapy for depression in irritable bowel syndrome.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Frequency of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and association with occupational stress among nurses at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan: an analytical cross-sectional study.Research square · 2026Article
- Rural specialty care for Veterans with the chronic overlapping pain conditions: Fibromyalgia, migraine, or irritable bowel syndrome.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
- Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviated diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome by improving intestinal function.World journal of stem cells · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Psychological Conditions: A Literature Review with Emphasis on the Evidence in Military Personnel from China.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and gastrointestinal disease in United States Military Veterans.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Enduring association between irritable bowel syndrome and war trauma during the Nicaragua civil war period: A population-based study.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) and Benefits of Supplementation in Veterans with IBS-D.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Prevalence, Humanistic Burden, and Health Care Impact of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among United States Veterans.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Article
- Exposure to war and conflict: The individual and inherited epigenetic effects on health, with a focus on post-traumatic stress disorder.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2023Review
- Risk Factors for Self-reported Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Prior Psychiatric Disorder: The Lifelines Cohort Study.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2022Article
- Characteristics of Opioid Prescriptions to Veterans With Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Disorders Dually Enrolled in the Department of Veterans Affairs and Medicare Part D.Military medicine · 2021Article
- The Relationship between Functional Constipation and Major Dietary Patterns in Iranian Adults: Findings from the Large Cross-Sectional Population-Based SEPAHAN Study.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2021Article
- Prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in US Military Veterans under outpatient care at the Veterans Health Administration.SAGE open medicine · 2021Article
- Histone H3K9 methylation regulates chronic stress and IL-6-induced colon epithelial permeability and visceral pain.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2020Article
- Biomimetic Gut Model Systems for Development of Targeted Microbial Solutions for Enhancing Warfighter Health and Performance.mSystems · 2020Review
- Effect of a Synbiotic ContainingNutrients · 2020Article
- Targeting Gut Microbiome Interactions in Service-Related Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases of Veterans.Gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Aluminum Ingestion Promotes Colorectal Hypersensitivity in Rodents.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesFunctional gastrointestinal disorders occur more frequently among deployed veterans, although studies evaluating the relative impact of risk factors, including stress and antecedent infectious gastroenteritis (IGE), are limited. We examined risk factors for new-onset irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among active duty participants in the military's Millennium Cohort Study.
methodsMedical encounter data from 2001 to 2009, limited to Cohort members on active duty, were used to identify incident IBS cases (any and highly probable). IGE was identified using medical encounter or self-report. Covariate data were obtained from the Millennium Cohort Study surveys and analyzed using Cox proportional hazards methods.
resultsOverall, 41,175 Cohort members met the eligibility criteria for inclusion and 314 new-onset cases of IBS were identified among these. Significant risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval) included antecedent IGE (2.05, 1.53-2.75), female gender (1.96, 1.53-2.52), number of life stressors (1: 1.82, 1.37-2.41; 2: 2.86, 2.01-4.06; 3+: 6.69, 4.59-9.77), and anxiety syndrome (1.74, 1.17-2.58). Limited to highly probable IBS, a stronger association with antecedent IGE was observed, particularly when based on medical encounter records (any IGE: 2.20, 1.10-4.43; medical encounter IGE only: 2.84, 1.33-6.09). Precedent anxiety or depression and IGE interacted with increased IBS risk compared with IGE alone.
conclusionsThese results confirm previous studies on the association between sociodemographic or life stressors and IBS. IGE was significantly associated with IBS risk. Whether deployed or not, US service members often encounter repeated exposure to high levels of stress, which, combined with other environmental factors such as IGE, may result in long-term debilitating functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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