ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2015
The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Asthma Disparities: Deciphering the Multifaceted Environmental Exposome Between Eastern and Western Populations.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- ERS Congress 2024: highlights from the Epidemiology and Environment Assembly.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Influence of Farm Environment on Asthma during the Life Course: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study in Northern Finland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Influence of the environment on the characteristics of asthma.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The effect of farming environment on asthma; time dependent or universal?European journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Cord blood sphingolipids are associated with atopic dermatitis and wheeze in the first year of life.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2022Article
- Environmental influences on childhood allergies and asthma - The Farm effect.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2022Review
- Cow Farmers' Homes Host More Diverse Airborne Bacterial Communities Than Pig Farmers' Homes and Suburban Homes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Risk factors associated with rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and eczema among schoolchildren in Uganda.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2021Article
- Indoor Microbial Exposures and Chronic Lung Disease: From Microbial Toxins to the Microbiome.Clinics in chest medicine · 2020Review
- Important Role of Immunological Responses to Environmental Exposure in the Development of Allergic Asthma.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2020Review
- Omics for the future in asthma.Seminars in immunopathology · 2020Review
- Trends and regional distribution of outpatient claims for asthma, 2009-2016, Germany.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2020Article
- Risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren who participated in a case-control study in urban Uganda.eLife · 2019Article
- Asthma and selective migration from farming environments in a three-generation cohort study.European journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Childhood and Parental Asthma, Future Risk of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2019Article
- Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Plasticity in Development: Epigenetic Toxicity and Epigenetic Adaptation.Current epidemiology reports · 2018Article
- Conurbation, Urban, and Rural Living as Determinants of Allergies and Infectious Diseases: Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre Annual Report 2016-2017.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2018Article
- Allergy-related disorders (ARDs) among Ethiopian primary school-aged children: Prevalence and associated risk factors.PloS one · 2018Article
- A Review of the Field on Children's Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: A Risk Assessment Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The population-based Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia born 1945-1973. The present analysis encompasses questionnaire data on 11,123 RHINE subjects. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb and inner city. The association of place of upbringing with asthma onset was analysed with Cox regression adjusted for relevant confounders. Subjects growing up on livestock farms had less asthma (8%) than subjects growing up in inner cities (11%) (hazard ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.57-0.91), and a significant urban-rural gradient was observed across six urbanisation levels (p = 0.02). An urban-rural gradient was only evident among women, smokers and for late-onset asthma. Analyses on wheeze and place of upbringing revealed similar results. In conclusion, this study suggests a protective effect of livestock farm upbringing on asthma development and an urban-rural gradient in a Northern European population.
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