Trial reportCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2016
A randomized phase II clinical trial of personalized peptide vaccination with metronomic low-dose cyclophosphamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Trial report in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells and survival in prostate cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2023Pooled it
- A Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Doses of a Folate Receptor Alpha Vaccine in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Metronomic capecitabine as maintenance treatment after first line induction with XELOX for metastatic colorectal cancer patients.Medicine · 2020Trial
- Immunological efficacy of herbal medicines in prostate cancer patients treated by personalized peptide vaccine.Cancer science · 2017Trial
- A randomized phase II trial of personalized peptide vaccine with low dose cyclophosphamide in biliary tract cancer.Cancer science · 2017Trial
- Phase II clinical trial of peptide cocktail therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: VENUS-PC study.Cancer science · 2017Trial
- Cyclophosphamide-Mediated Induction of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells In Vivo: Kinetics of Accumulation, Immune Profile, and Immunomodulation by Oleanane-Type Triterpenoids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Integrative bulk and single-cell transcriptomics link EZH2 to immunosuppressive programs and tumor-Treg crosstalk in castration-resistant prostate cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Prostate tumor immune microenvironment changes following immunotherapy shared by patients who developed anti-tumor response or immune-related adverse events.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Effects of the Alkylating Agent Cyclophosphamide in Potentiating Anti-Tumor Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Potential Mechanisms for Immunotherapy Resistance in Adult Soft-Tissue Sarcoma.Targeted oncology · 2025Review
- Epigenetic marvels: exploring the landscape of colorectal cancer treatment through cutting-edge epigenetic-based drug strategies.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Review
- Prostate cancer immunotherapy: Improving clinical outcomes with a multi-pronged approach.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Review
- Vaccines as treatments for prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023Review
- Inflammation in Urological Malignancies: The Silent Killer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cell-penetrating peptides enhance peptide vaccine accumulation and persistence in lymph nodes to drive immunogenicity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Metronomic Chemotherapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Anti-cancer peptide-based therapeutic strategies in solid tumors.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of metronomic cyclophosphamide (CPA) in combination with personalized peptide vaccination (PPV) on regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and whether it could improve the antitumor effect of PPV. Seventy patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive PPV plus oral low-dose CPA (50 mg/day), or PPV alone. PPV treatment used a maximum of four peptides chosen from 31 pooled peptides according to human leukocyte antigen types and antigen-specific humoral immune responses before PPV, for 8 subcutaneous weekly injections. Peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and immunoglobulin G responses were measured before and after PPV. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 hematologic adverse events was higher in the PPV plus CPA arm than in the PPV alone arm. Decrease in Treg and increase in MDSC were more pronounced in PPV plus CPA treatment than in PPV alone (p = 0.036 and p = 0.048, respectively). There was no correlation between the changes in Treg or MDSC and CTL response. There was no difference in positive immune responses between the two arms, although overall survival in patients with positive immune responses was longer than in those with negative immune responses (p = 0.001). Significant differences in neither progression-free survival nor overall survival were observed between the two arms. Low-dose CPA showed no change in the antitumor effect of PPV, possibly due to the simultaneous decrease in Treg and increase in MDSC, in patients under PPV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.