ArticleParasites & vectors2016
Emergence of multi-acaricide resistant Rhipicephalus ticks and its implication on chemical tick control in Uganda.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks and livestock in Uganda from 1980 to 2024.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Data release: targeted systematic literature search for tick and tick-borne pathogen distributions in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 1901 to 2020.Parasites & vectors · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the landscape of Babesia bovis vaccines: progress, challenges, and opportunities.Parasites & vectors · 2023Pooled it
- Prioritizing smallholder animal health needs in East Africa, West Africa, and South Asia using three approaches: Literature review, expert workshops, and practitioner surveys.Preventive veterinary medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Africa: Epidemiological Trends, Transmission Ecology, Hotspot Heterogeneity, and Preparedness Challenges-A Narrative Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Comprehensive validation of the rapid tick exposure test (RaTexT®): accuracy, reproducibility and comparative performance to detect acaricide resistance in livestock ticks.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cattle farmers regarding ticks, tick-borne diseases, and zoonotic risks in Borno State, Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Acaricidal effects of diatomaceous earth on Haemaphysalis longicornis under laboratory conditions.Experimental & applied acarology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic performance of a Rapid Tick exposure Test (RaTexTParasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Optimisation of integrated control of ticks and tsetse flies in mixed game and livestock interfaces in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Interventions for the control of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and tick vectors.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
- Toxicity of Common Acaricides, Disinfectants, and Natural Compounds against Eggs ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- RaTexT®: a novel rapid tick exposure test for detecting acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in Brazil.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Identification and distribution of Rhipicephalus microplus in selected high-cattle density districts in Uganda: signaling future demand for novel tick control approaches.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey of Ectoparasites in Sheep from Central Tunisia: Does Low Prevalence Indicate Good Hygiene or Resistance to Ectoparasites?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Farmers' Adoption, Knowledge, and Perceptions of Tick Control Measures on Dairy Farms in Subtropical Areas of Continental Ecuador.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Wide distribution of Mediterranean and African spotted fever agents and the first identification of Israeli spotted fever agent in ticks in Uganda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Biogeography of the theileriosis vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus under current and future climate scenarios of Zimbabwe.Experimental & applied acarology · 2023Article
- Transcriptome Profiling ofBiomedicines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcaricide failure has been on the rise in the western and central cattle corridor of Uganda. In this study, we identified the tick species associated with acaricide failure and determined their susceptibility to various acaricide molecules used for tick control in Uganda.
methodsIn this cross sectional study, tick samples were collected and identified to species level from 54 purposively selected farms (from 17 districts) that mostly had a history of acaricide failure. Larval packet test was used to screen 31 tick populations from 30 farms for susceptibility at discriminating dose (DD) and 2 × DD of five panels of commercial acaricide molecules belonging to the following classes; amidine, synthetic pyrethroid (SP), organophosphate (OP) and OP-SP co-formulations (COF). Resistance was assessed based on World Health Organization criteria for screening insecticide resistance.
resultsOf the 1357 ticks identified, Rhipicephalus (Rhipicephalus) appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus were the major (95.6%) tick species in farms sampled. Resistance against SP was detected in 90.0% (27/30) of the tick populations tested. Worryingly, 60.0% (18/30) and 63.0% (19/30) of the above ticks were super resistant (0% mortality) against 2 × DD cypermethrin and deltamethrin, respectively. Resistance was also detected against COF (43.3%), OP chlorfenvinphos (13.3%) and amitraz (12.9%). In two years, 74.1% (20/27) of the farms had used two to three acaricide molecules, and 55.6% (15/27) rotated the molecules wrongly. Multi-acaricide resistance (at least 2 molecules) was detected in 55.2% (16/29) of the resistant Rhipicephalus ticks and significantly associated with R. decoloratus (p = 0.0133), use of both SP and COF in the last 2 years (p < 0.001) and Kiruhura district (p = 0.0339). Despite emergence of amitraz resistance in the greater Bushenyi area, it was the most efficacious molecule against SP and COF resistant ticks.
conclusionThis study is the first to report emergence of super SP resistant and multi-acaricide resistant Rhipicephalus ticks in Uganda. Amitraz was the best acaricide against SP and COF resistant ticks. However, in the absence of technical interventions, farmer-led solutions aimed at troubleshooting for efficacy of multitude of acaricides at their disposal are expected to potentially cause negative collateral effects on future chemical tick control options, animal welfare and public health.
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