ArticleNature genetics2016
Quantifying influenza virus diversity and transmission in humans.
Article in Nature genetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct patterns of within-host virus populations between two subgroups of human respiratory syncytial virus.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Identification and masking of artifactual and misleading within-host variants in deep-sequencing SARS-CoV-2 data.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- CLAE: A High-Fidelity Nanopore Sequencing Strategy for Read-Level Viral Variant Detection and Environmental RNA Virus Discovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- ViralBottleneck: an R package for estimating viral transmission bottlenecks from deep sequencing data using multiple methods.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Unfurling the Potential of Antiviral Agents Aimed for RNA Virus Ailment.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Changes in intra-host mycovirus population diversity after vertical and horizontal transmission.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Quantifying the impact of vaccination on transmission and diversity of influenza A variants in pigs.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Spillover: Mechanisms, Genetic Barriers, and the Role of Reservoirs in Emerging Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Transmission Bottleneck Size Estimation from De Novo Viral Genetic Variation.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- The hidden risk of microplastic-associated pathogens in aquatic environments.Eco-Environment & Health · 2023Review
- High-throughput droplet-based analysis of influenza A virus genetic reassortment by single-virus RNA sequencing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Rapid transmission and tight bottlenecks constrain the evolution of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Rapid transmission and tight bottlenecks constrain the evolution of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- COVID-19 infection and transmission includes complex sequence diversity.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Swine H1N1 Influenza Virus Variants with Enhanced Polymerase Activity and HA Stability Promote Airborne Transmission in Ferrets.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Next-generation T cell-activating vaccination increases influenza virus mutation prevalence.Science advances · 2022Article
- Temporal and Gene Reassortment Analysis of Influenza C Virus Outbreaks in Hong Kong, SAR, China.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Inferring the distribution of fitness effects in patient-sampled and experimental virus populations: two case studies.Heredity · 2022Article
- Viral infection and transmission in a large, well-traced outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.Nature communications · 2022Article
- A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza Viruses Replicating in Ferret Upper or Lower Respiratory Tract Differed in Onward Transmission Potential by Air.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus is characterized by high genetic diversity. However, most of what is known about influenza evolution has come from consensus sequences sampled at the epidemiological scale that only represent the dominant virus lineage within each infected host. Less is known about the extent of within-host virus diversity and what proportion of this diversity is transmitted between individuals. To characterize virus variants that achieve sustainable transmission in new hosts, we examined within-host virus genetic diversity in household donor-recipient pairs from the first wave of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic when seasonal H3N2 was co-circulating. Although the same variants were found in multiple members of the community, the relative frequencies of variants fluctuated, with patterns of genetic variation more similar within than between households. We estimated the effective population size of influenza A virus across donor-recipient pairs to be approximately 100-200 contributing members, which enabled the transmission of multiple lineages, including antigenic variants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.