ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2016
Chronic Effects of Ethanol and/or Darunavir/Ritonavir on U937 Monocytic Cells: Regulation of Cytochrome P450 and Antioxidant Enzymes, Oxidative Stress, and Cytotoxicity.
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?Health science reports · 2025Review
- Peroxiredoxin 6 in Stress Orchestration and Disease Interplay.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Probiotics as Potential Therapeutic Agents: Safeguarding Skeletal Muscle against Alcohol-Induced Damage through the Gut-Liver-Muscle Axis.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- LM11A-31, a modulator of p75 neurotrophin receptor, suppresses HIV-1 replication and inflammatory response in macrophages.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Resveratrol and its analogs suppress HIV replication, oxidative stress, and inflammation in macrophages.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Article
- Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis: The potential mechanisms by which alcohol disrupts gut and brain functions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Ethanol Enhances Hyperthermia-Induced Cell Death in Human Leukemia Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- An update on drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral therapies and drugs of abuse in HIV systems.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2020Review
- Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Containing Xenobiotic Metabolizing CYP Enzymes and Their Potential Roles in Extrahepatic Cells Via Cell-Cell Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Plasma exosomes exacerbate alcohol- and acetaminophen-induced toxicity via CYP2E1 pathway.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Choosing the right pharmacotherapeutic strategy for HIV maintenance in patients with alcohol addiction.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2019Article
- The role of cytochrome P450 2E1 on ethanol-mediated oxidative stress and HIV replication in human monocyte-derived macrophages.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2019Article
- In vitro evaluation of structural analogs of diallyl sulfide as novel CYP2E1 inhibitors for their protective effect against xenobiotic-induced toxicity and HIV replication.Toxicology letters · 2018Article
- Influence of Ethanol on Darunavir Hepatic Clearance and Intracellular PK/PD in HIV-Infected Monocytes, and CYP3A4-Darunavir Interactions Using Inhibition and in Silico Binding Studies.Pharmaceutical research · 2017Article
- Mitochondrial ROS induced by chronic ethanol exposure promote hyper-activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Redox biology · 2017Article
- Molecular Basis of Alcohol-Related Gastric and Colon Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Article
- Neuroprotection mediated by inhibition of calpain during acute viral encephalitis.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOur recent study has shown that acute treatment with ethanol (EtOH) increases oxidative stress and cytotoxicity through cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated pathway in U937 monocytic cells. U937 cells are derived from blood monocytes and are considered as the model system for HIV-related study. Since the prevalence of alcohol use in HIV-infected population is high, and HIV+ patients are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) soon after they are diagnosed, it is important to study the interactions between EtOH and ART in monocytes.
methodsThis study examined the chronic effects of EtOH and ART (darunavir/ritonavir), alone and in combination, on expression/levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), antioxidant enzymes (AOEs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytotoxicity in U937 cells. The mRNA and protein levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. ROS and cytotoxicity were measured using flow cytometry and cell viability assay, respectively.
resultsWhile chronic ART treatment increased CYP2E1 protein expression by 2-fold, EtOH and EtOH+ART increased CYP2E1 by ~5-fold. In contrast, ART and EtOH treatments decreased CYP3A4 protein expression by 38 ± 17% and 74 ± 15%, respectively, and the combination additively decreased CYP3A4 level by 90 ± 8%. Expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and peroxiredoxin (PRDX6) were decreased by both EtOH and ART, however, the expressions of SOD2 and catalase were unaltered. These results suggested increased EtOH metabolism, increased ART accumulation, and decreased defense against ROS. Therefore, we determined the effects of EtOH and ART on ROS and cytotoxicity. While ART showed a slight increase, EtOH and EtOH+ART displayed significant increase in ROS and cytotoxicity. Moreover, the combination showed additive effects on ROS and cytotoxicity.
conclusionsThese results suggest that chronic EtOH, in the absence and presence of ART, increases ROS and cytotoxicity in monocytes, perhaps via CYP- and AOE-mediated pathways. This study has clinical implications in HIV+ alcohol users who are on ART.
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