Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26726000›Full record

SynthesisJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2016

Accuracy and Usefulness of Select Methods for Assessing Complete Collection of 24-Hour Urine: A Systematic Review.

Katherine A John, Mary E Cogswell, Norm R Campbell, Caryl A Nowson, Branka Legetic, Anselm J M Hennis, Sheena M Patel

Abstract readComparative StudySystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  15. Self-report of 24-h urine completeness compared withThe British journal of nutrition · 2026
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22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Katherine A JohnEpidemiology & Surveillance Branch, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6816-4867
Mary E CogswellEpidemiology & Surveillance Branch, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Norm R CampbellDepartments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology and Community Health Sciences, O'Brien Institute for Public Health and, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Caryl A NowsonCentre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood Victoria, Australia.
Branka LegeticUnit of Noncommunicable Diseases & Disabilities, Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
Anselm J M HennisUnit of Noncommunicable Diseases & Disabilities, Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
Sheena M PatelEpidemiology & Surveillance Branch, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Twenty-four-hour urine collection is the recommended method for estimating sodium intake. To investigate the strengths and limitations of methods used to assess completion of 24-hour urine collection, the authors systematically reviewed the literature on the accuracy and usefulness of methods vs para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) recovery (referent). The percentage of incomplete collections, based on PABA, was 6% to 47% (n=8 studies). The sensitivity and specificity for identifying incomplete collection using creatinine criteria (n=4 studies) was 6% to 63% and 57% to 99.7%, respectively. The most sensitive method for removing incomplete collections was a creatinine index <0.7. In pooled analysis (≥2 studies), mean urine creatinine excretion and volume were higher among participants with complete collection (P<.05); whereas, self-reported collection time did not differ by completion status. Compared with participants with incomplete collection, mean 24-hour sodium excretion was 19.6 mmol higher (n=1781 specimens, 5 studies) in patients with complete collection. Sodium excretion may be underestimated by inclusion of incomplete 24-hour urine collections. None of the current approaches reliably assess completion of 24-hour urine collection.

Indexed as

4-Aminobenzoic AcidCreatinineFemaleHumansHypertensionMaleSensitivity and SpecificitySodiumUrinalysis4-Aminobenzoic AcidCreatinineSodium

Identifiers

PMID26726000
PMCPMC5592696

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.