ArticleBiological psychiatry2016
The Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Citalopram Decreases Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receptor and Coreceptor Expression in Immune Cells.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can C-reactive protein inform antidepressant medication selection in depressed outpatients? Findings from the CO-MED trial.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2017Trial
- A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial of the Effects of Escitalopram on Depressive Symptoms and Immune Function in People With HIV.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation-A Crucial Factor in the Pathophysiology of Depression-A Comprehensive Review.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- HIV-associated depression: a translational framework targeting neuroimmune inflammation and psychosocial stress modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Serotonin-modulating therapies for the management of chronic wounds.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and mortality following COVID-19 among patients with Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Is There such a Thing as Post-Viral Depression?: Implications for Precision Medicine.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Ketamine's mechanism of action with an emphasis on neuroimmune regulation: can the complement system complement ketamine's antidepressant effects?Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Distinct Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors on Soluble Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of People With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Perinatal Depressive Symptoms and Viral Non-suppression Among a Prospective Cohort of Pregnant Women Living with HIV in Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants reduce COVID-19 infection: prospects for use.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Review
- The potential action of SSRIs in the treatment of skin diseases including atopic dermatitis and slow-healing wounds.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Review
- People with HIV have higher percentages of circulating CCR5+ CD8+ T cells and lower percentages of CCR5+ regulatory T cells.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Analysis of the impact of antidepressants and other medications on COVID-19 infection risk in a chronic psychiatric in-patient cohort.BJPsych open · 2021Article
- Drug repurposing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Could these drugs help fight COVID-19 and save lives?Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2021Review
- 5-Hydroxytryptamine, Glutamate, and ATP: Much More Than Neurotransmitters.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Can selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a neuroprotective effect during COVID-19?European journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- The possible immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in coronavirus disease patients.Medical hypotheses · 2020Article
- Association of Chemokine (C-C Motif) Receptor 5 and Ligand 5 with Recovery from Major Depressive Disorder and Related Neurocognitive Impairment.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2020Observational
- Dopaminergic impact of cART and anti-depressants on HIV neuropathogenesis in older adults.Brain research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated whether the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram downregulates the expression of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and coreceptors chemokine receptor type 5 and chemokine-related receptor type 4 (CCR5 and CXCR4) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and macrophages ex vivo as a potential mechanism of reducing susceptibility to HIV infection.
methodsThe sample included 150 participants 18-58 years old (59% women, 65% African American, 61% with depression). Monocyte-depleted PBMCs were treated with phytohemagglutinin for 72 hours and then cultured in the presence of interleukin-2 with vehicle control or the SSRI (10(-6) mol/L) for 2 hours. To generate monocyte-derived macrophages, monocytes were cultured for 7 days, after which either vehicle control or SSRI (10(-6) mol/L) was added for 2 hours. RNA was collected from both cell types, and messenger RNA expression of CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
resultsIn PBMCs, SSRI treatment decreased expression of CD4 (p = .009), CCR5 (p = .008), and CXCR4 (p < .0001). In monocyte-derived macrophages, SSRI treatment decreased expression of CD4 (p < .0001) and CXCR4 (p = .0003), but not CCR5 (p = .71). The suppressive effects of the SSRI on receptor expression did not differ as a function of depression diagnosis or depressive symptom severity.
conclusionsTreatment with the SSRI at a physiologic dose decreased CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 expression on PBMCs and macrophages ex vivo. These findings suggest that SSRI treatment, independent of depression status, downregulates HIV receptor and coreceptor expression and may reduce susceptibility of immune cells to HIV infection and decrease inflammation. If clinical trials confirm the present findings, ultimately there may be a role for using SSRI treatment adjunctively in HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.