ReviewPharmacological reviews2016
Toll-like Receptors in the Vascular System: Sensing the Dangers Within.
Review in Pharmacological reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 258 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endothelial TLR4 at the Crossroads of Vascular Senescence and Targeted Senotherapeutics.Aging cell · 2026Review
- Review
- The Mechano-Immune-Vascular Activation Loop: An Integrative Conceptual Framework for Positive Feedback in Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Fetal sex shapes placental inflammatory responses to extracellular mitochondrial DNA.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Pathophysiological Interrelationship Between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptor 9 promotes aortic chondrogenesis and calcification in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.Heart and vessels · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses unveil cytoskeletal alterations in an endothelial model of monogenic diabetes.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary Protein Restriction Ameliorates Cardiac Inflammaging via AMPK-ULK1-Mediated Mitochondrial Quality Control.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-based approaches for vascular inflammation in managing hypertension: advancing molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Deciphering macrophage molecular responses toFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- JAK/STAT signaling pathway inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases: current status and future perspectives.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Bulk RNA Sequencing Reveals Signature Differences in Key Cell Signaling Pathways Between Porcine Venous and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Recent advancement in molecular pathways and receptor targeting using natural products for wound healing activity.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Computational analysis of antimicrobial peptides targeting key receptors in infection-related cardiovascular diseases: molecular docking and dynamics insights.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neuropeptide S and its receptor aggravated asthma via TFEB dependent autophagy in bronchial epithelial cells.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Exacerbation of diabetes due to F. Nucleatum LPS-induced SGLT2 overexpression in the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- The interplay of senescence and MMPs in myocardial infarction: implications for cardiac aging and therapeutics.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- TLR2 or TLR4 Stimulation Induces Transmembrane TNF-Driven Priming in Macrophages Which Results in Improved Clearance of a Subsequent Staphylococcus aureus Infection.Journal of innate immunity · 2025Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are components of the innate immune system that respond to exogenous infectious ligands (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and endogenous molecules that are released during host tissue injury/death (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs). Interaction of TLRs with their ligands leads to activation of downstream signaling pathways that induce an immune response by producing inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons (IFN), and other inflammatory mediators. TLR activation affects vascular function and remodeling, and these molecular events prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Despite the presence of TLRs in vascular cells, the exact mechanisms whereby TLR signaling affects the function of vascular tissues are largely unknown. Cardiovascular diseases are considered chronic inflammatory conditions, and accumulating data show that TLRs and the innate immune system play a determinant role in the initiation and development of cardiovascular diseases. This evidence unfolds a possibility that targeting TLRs and the innate immune system may be a novel therapeutic goal for these conditions. TLR inhibitors and agonists are already in clinical trials for inflammatory conditions such as asthma, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, but their study in the context of cardiovascular diseases is in its infancy. In this article, we review the current knowledge of TLR signaling in the cardiovascular system with an emphasis on atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cerebrovascular injury. Furthermore, we address the therapeutic potential of TLR as pharmacological targets in cardiovascular disease and consider intriguing research questions for future study.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.