Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26721684›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2016

In vivo genome editing improves muscle function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Christopher E Nelson, Chady H Hakim, David G Ousterout, Pratiksha I Thakore, Eirik A Moreb, Ruth M Castellanos Rivera, Sarina Madhavan, Xiufang Pan, F Ann Ran, Winston X Yan and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 650 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
650citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
72.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

650 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,124 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Age-Dependent Effect of Myostatin Blockade in theMuscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated upregulation of utrophin ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  11. SORT LNPs encapsulating Cas9 mRNA achieve efficient editing in skeletal muscle in a dystrophic mouse model.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. CRISPR and the Future of Cardiac Disease Therapy: A New Genetic Frontier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review

590 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Christopher E NelsonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Chady H HakimDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
David G OusteroutDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Pratiksha I ThakoreDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Eirik A MorebDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Ruth M Castellanos RiveraGene Therapy Center, Departments of Genetics, Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Sarina MadhavanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Xiufang PanDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
F Ann RanBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Winston X YanBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Aravind AsokanGene Therapy Center, Departments of Genetics, Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Feng ZhangBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Dongsheng DuanDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Charles A GersbachDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. charles.gersbach@duke.edu.
Duke University · USUniversity of Missouri · USDuke Medical Center · USHarvard University · USHarvard University Press · USMcGovern Institute for Brain Research · US

Funding

Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM007753 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI WALENSKY, LOREN DAVID · 1985 to 2021
$50.0M
Re-Entry Supplement: Investigation of Oral Microbial Enzymes for the Detection and Treatment of Periodontal DiseaseUL1TR002489 · NCATS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BUSE, JOHN BERNARD, SHAHEEN, NICHOLAS J · 2018 to 2022
$48.6M
North Carolina Translational & Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS)UL1TR001111 · NCATS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BUSE, JOHN BERNARD, CAREY, TIMOTHY S · 2013 to 2017
$43.9M
MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS TRAINING GRANTT32GM008313 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI MURTHY, VENKATESH N · 1989 to 2023
$14.6M
VECTOR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY COREP01HL112761 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI MONAHAN, PAUL E · 2013 to 2017
$11.3M
Isogenic Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models of Human Disease MutationsR01DK097768 · NIDDK · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI COWAN, CHAD ALBERT, ZHANG, FENG · 2012 to 2016
$11.0M
Determinants of AAV TropismR01HL089221 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Aravind Asokan · 2009 to 2026
$8.1M
Massively-parallel functional interrogation of psychiatric geneticsR01MH110049 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI ZHANG, FENG · 2015 to 2019
$5.5M
Probing Neuropsychiatric Diseases Using Targeted Epigenome and Genome EngineeringDP1MH100706 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI ZHANG, FENG · 2012 to 2016
$4.3M
Whole body single AAV microgene therapy in canine DMDR01NS090634 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA · PI Dongsheng Duan · 2015 to 2026
$4.2M
Engineering Morphogenetic Factors for Enhanced Genetic ReprogrammingDP2OD008586 · OD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI GERSBACH, CHARLES A. · 2011 to 2011
$2.4M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001111NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002489NCCDPHP CDC HHS DP1-MH100706NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL112761NHLBI NIH HHS P01HL112761NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL089221NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL089221NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK097768NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK097768NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007753NIGMS NIH HHS T32GM007753NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008313NIH HHS DP2 OD008586NIH HHS DP2-OD008586NIMH NIH HHS DP1 MH100706NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH110049NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS090634NINDS NIH HHS R01NS90634
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease affecting about 1 out of 5000 male births and caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Genome editing has the potential to restore expression of a modified dystrophin gene from the native locus to modulate disease progression. In this study, adeno-associated virus was used to deliver the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system to the mdx mouse model of DMD to remove the mutated exon 23 from the dystrophin gene. This includes local and systemic delivery to adult mice and systemic delivery to neonatal mice. Exon 23 deletion by CRISPR-Cas9 resulted in expression of the modified dystrophin gene, partial recovery of functional dystrophin protein in skeletal myofibers and cardiac muscle, improvement of muscle biochemistry, and significant enhancement of muscle force. This work establishes CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing as a potential therapy to treat DMD.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Cas SystemsAnimalsClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsDependovirusDisease Models, AnimalDystrophinExonsGenetic TherapyMaleMiceMice, Inbred mdxMuscle, SkeletalMuscular Dystrophy, DuchenneSequence Deletionapo-dystrophin 1Dystrophin

Identifiers

PMID26721684
PMCPMC4883596
OpenAlexW2208696160

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.