Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26721601›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2016

Cigarette smoking behaviour and blood metabolomics.

Fangyi Gu, Andriy Derkach, Neal D Freedman, Maria Teresa Landi, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J Weinstein, Alison M Mondul, Charles E Matthews, Kristin A Guertin, Qian Xiao and 5 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Associations between Metabolomic Signatures of Persistent Smoking Effects and Lung Cancer Risk among Former Smokers.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Lifestyles, metabolome and diabetic kidney disease: a cohort study.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. [Applications and Advances of Metabolomics in Lung Cancer Research].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Fangyi GuDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, fangyigu@gmail.com.
Andriy DerkachDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Neal D FreedmanDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Maria Teresa LandiDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Demetrius AlbanesDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Stephanie J WeinsteinDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Alison M MondulSchool of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and.
Charles E MatthewsDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Kristin A GuertinDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Qian XiaoDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Wei ZhengCancer Epidemiology Research Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
Xiao-Ou ShuCancer Epidemiology Research Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
Joshua N SampsonDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Steven C MooreDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Neil E CaporasoDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer Institute · USVanderbilt University · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

Shanghai Men's Health StudyUM1CA173640 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI SHU, XIAO-OU · 2013 to 2017
$4.9M
FOLLOW-UP OF THE ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL, BETA-CAROTENE CANCER PREVENTION (ATBC) STUDY N01RC37004 · NCI · NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH & WELFARE · 2007 to 2008
$561k
U S-FINLAND STUDIES OF NUTRITION AND CANCERN01CN045165 · CN · NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE · PI HEINONEN, OLLI P · 1985 to 1996
–
STRUCTURE AND STABILIZATION OF THE BACTERIAL NUCLEOIDZ01DK036120 · NIDDK · DIABETES, DIGESTIVE, KIDNEY DISEASES · PI ZIMMERMAN, STEVEN C. · 1998 to 2005
–
CCR NIH HHS HHSN261200800001CCCR NIH HHS N01 RC037004CCR NIH HHS N01RC37004NCI NIH HHS HHSN261200800001ENCI NIH HHS HHSN261201000006CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201500005CNCI NIH HHS N01 CN045165NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA173640
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIdentifying circulating metabolites related to cigarette smoking may provide insight into the biological mechanisms of smoking-related diseases and the nature of addiction. However, previous studies are limited, generally small, and have largely targeted a priori metabolites.

methodsWe examined associations between cigarette smoking and metabolites using an untargeted metabolomics approach in 892 men and women from four studies including participants from Italy, USA, China and Finland. We examined associations between individual log-transformed metabolites and two key smoking phenotypes (current smoking status and cigarettes per day [cig/day]) using linear regression. Fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to combine results across studies. Strict Bonferroni thresholds were used as our significance criteria. We further examined associated metabolites with other metrics of smoking behaviuor (current versus former, former versus never, smoking duration and years since quitting) in the US study.

resultsWe identified a total of 25 metabolites associated with smoking behaviours; 24 were associated with current smoking status and eight with cig/day. In addition to three well-established nicotine metabolites (cotinine, hydroxycotinine, cotinine N-oxide), we found an additional 12 xenobiotic metabolites involved in benzoatic (e.g. 3-ethylphenylsulphate) or xanthine metabolism (e.g. 1-methylurate), three amino acids (o-cresol sulphate, serotonin, indolepropionate), two lipids (scyllo-inositol, pregnenolone sulphate), four vitamins or cofactors [e.g. bilirubin (Z,Z)], and one carbohydrate (oxalate).

conclusionsWe identified associations between cigarette smoking and a diverse range of metabolites. Our findings, with further validation in future studies, have implications regarding aetiology and study design of smoking-related diseases.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBilirubinBiomarkersChinaCigarette SmokingCresolsFemaleFinlandHumansItalyLinear ModelsMaleMeta-Analysis as TopicMetabolomicsMiddle AgedBilirubinBiomarkersCresolsNicotinebilirubinmetabolomicsnon-targetedo-cresol sulphateSmoking

Identifiers

PMID26721601
PMCPMC5100605
OpenAlexW2337353829

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.