ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2016
What Can Epidemiological Studies Tell Us about the Impact of Chemical Mixtures on Human Health?
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00011713 (Human Exposure to Bisphenol A, Phthalates and Fertility, Pregnancy Outcomes.), which is not on this map. Cited by 205 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Human Exposure to Bisphenol A, Phthalates and Fertility, Pregnancy Outcomes.
Who cites it
205 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associations Between Maternal Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Exposure from Seafood Consumption during Pregnancy and Lactation and Child Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic evidence mapping informs a class-based approach to assessing personal care products and pubertal timing.Environment international · 2023Pooled it
- Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- Exposure to per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Markers of Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Pooled it
- Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Testicular Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Pooled it
- Phthalate exposure and neurodevelopment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human epidemiological evidence.Environment international · 2020Pooled it
- Everything All at Once: On Choosing an Estimand for Multi-component Environmental Exposures.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to nonpersistent endocrine disruptors and early childhood BMI: single pollutant and mixture analyses from the ECHO Program.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The exposome and inflammatory bowel disease: a framework for primary and primordial prevention.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Robust environmental exposure pattern recognition and outlier detection with the open-source R package pcpr.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Vascular Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S on Human Umbilical Artery.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Environmental Exposure to Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mixture Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl sulfonic and carboxylic acids and neurodevelopmental delay in children up to 5 years old: Effect modification by progesterone and estradiol.Eco-Environment & Health · 2026Article
- Article
- Chemical mixtures and birth weight: comparison of multipollutant models in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Mixture Toxicity in Human Health: Integrating One Health, Exposomics, and Modern Risk Assessment Strategies.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Review
- Workflow for Statistical Analysis of Environmental Mixtures.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Review
- Development and validation of an Occupational Hazards Index (OHI) and its association with hypertension-diabetes comorbidity in steel workers: a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Environmental Pollutants and Food Allergy: From Traditional Triggers to Emerging Hazards.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a large number of environmental chemicals: Some of these may be toxic, and many others have unknown or poorly characterized health effects. There is intense interest in determining the impact of exposure to environmental chemical mixtures on human health. As the study of mixtures continues to evolve in the field of environmental epidemiology, it is imperative that we understand the methodologic challenges of this research and the types of questions we can address using epidemiological data. In this article, we summarize some of the unique challenges in exposure assessment, statistical methods, and methodology that epidemiologists face in addressing chemical mixtures. We propose three broad questions that epidemiological studies can address: a) What are the potential health impacts of individual chemical agents? b) What is the interaction among agents? And c) what are the health effects of cumulative exposure to multiple agents? As the field of mixtures research grows, we can use these three questions as a basis for defining our research questions and for developing methods that will help us better understand the effect of chemical exposures on human disease and well-being.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.