ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Eosinophils and IL-4 Support Nematode Growth Coincident with an Innate Response to Tissue Injury.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive Transcriptome Meta-analysis to Characterize Host Immune Responses in Helminth Infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Pooled it
- The Effect of Helminths on Granulocyte Activation: A Cluster-Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Indonesia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Rediscovering eosinophil identity through tissue adaptation.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Eosinophils as drivers of bacterial immunomodulation and persistence.Infection and immunity · 2024Review
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Subsets of Eosinophils in Asthma, a Challenge for Precise Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Host genetic backgrounds: the key to determining parasite-host adaptation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- The Value of the Antibody Detection in the Diagnosis of Ocular Toxocariasis and the Aqueous Cytokine Profile Associated With the Condition.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Biomaterials direct functional B cell response in a material-specific manner.Science advances · 2021Article
- Effect of mast cell stabilization on angiogenesis in primary and secondary experimental Trichinella spiralis infection.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Kinetics of Eosinophils during Development of the Cellular Infiltrate Surrounding the Nurse Cell ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Eosinophils and helminth infection: protective or pathogenic?Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- Primary characterization of the immune responses in Tibetan pigs infected with Chinese Tibet isolate of Trichinella spiralis.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- The emerging roles of eosinophils in mucosal homeostasis.Mucosal immunology · 2020Review
- Eosinophil accumulation in postnatal lung is specific to the primary septation phase of development.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Basophils and Eosinophils in Nematode Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Do blood eosinophils strictly reflect airway inflammation in COPD? Comparison with asthmatic patients.Respiratory research · 2019Article
- Metal Nanoparticles Released from Dental Implant Surfaces: Potential Contribution to Chronic Inflammation and Peri-Implant Bone Loss.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that the functions of eosinophils extend beyond host defense and allergy to metabolism and tissue regeneration. These influences have strong potential to be relevant in worm infections in which eosinophils are prominent and parasites rely on the host for nutrients to support growth or reproduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the observation that eosinophils promote growth of Trichinella spiralis larvae in skeletal muscle. Our results indicate that IL-4 and eosinophils are necessary for normal larval growth and that eosinophils from IL-4 competent mice are sufficient to support growth. The eosinophil-mediated effect operates in the absence of adaptive immunity. Following invasion by newborn larvae, host gene expression in skeletal muscle was compatible with a regenerative response and a shift in the source of energy in infected tissue. The presence of eosinophils suppressed local inflammation while also influencing nutrient homeostasis in muscle. Redistribution of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphorylation of Akt were observed in nurse cells, consistent with enhancement of glucose uptake and glycogen storage by larvae that is known to occur. The data are consistent with a mechanism in which eosinophils promote larval growth by an IL-4 dependent mechanism that limits local interferon-driven responses that otherwise alter nutrient metabolism in infected muscle. Our findings document a novel interaction between parasite and host in which worms have evolved a strategy to co-opt an innate host cell response in a way that facilitates their growth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.