ArticleJAMA psychiatry2016
Frontal Glutamate and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Levels and Their Associations With Mismatch Negativity and Digit Sequencing Task Performance in Schizophrenia.
Article in JAMA psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Complex Pattern Mismatch Negativity as a Potential Indicator of Psychosis Across all Phases of Illness: A Meta-Analysis.Clinical EEG and neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analytic evidence of elevated choline, reduced N-acetylaspartate, and normal creatine in schizophrenia and their moderation by measurement quality, echo time, and medication status.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2023Pooled it
- Frontal neural metabolite changes in schizophrenia and their association with cognitive control: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in the Normalization of Brain Activation in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of Neurophysiological and Neuroimaging Studies.Neural plasticity · 2020Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of mismatch negativity to simple versus complex deviants in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2018Pooled it
- Neuroimaging studies of GABA in schizophrenia: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Randomized double-blind inpatient study of a gluten-free diet for negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2026Trial
- The D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor luvadaxistat improves mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia in a randomized trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Effect of oxytocin nasal spray on auditory automatic discrimination measured by mismatch negativity.Psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Developmental Alterations in the Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis Along the Perivascular Space Index Suggest Possible Glymphatic-Related Mechanisms Underlying Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance and Psychosis Vulnerability in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Characteristics of auditory event-related potential and prediction ofQuantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Trust your gut: the neuro-gastroenteric mechanics of prediction and expectation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Excitation/inhibition imbalance and conversion to psychosis in the clinical high risk syndrome: Biophysical modeling finds reduced pyramidal cell excitability across EEG paradigms.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Anterior Cingulate Cortex Glutamate Levels and Sensory Integration Are Associated in Individuals With Social Anhedonia: A Comparison Between 3T and 7T MRS.PsyCh journal · 2025Article
- The relationship between cortical synaptic terminal density marker SV2A and glutamate early in the course of schizophrenia: a multimodal PET and MRS imaging study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Acute effects of partial positive allosteric GABAFrontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Interaction between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and mismatch negativity for working memory capacity in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Impact of lifetime stressor exposure on neuroenergetics in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Schizophrenia research · 2024Article
- Normative modelling of molecular-based functional circuits captures clinical heterogeneity transdiagnostically in psychiatric patients.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Longitudinal changes in brain metabolites in healthy controls and patients with first episode psychosis: a 7-Tesla MRS study.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
importanceAuditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is a biomarker for schizophrenia thought to reflect glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function and excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission balance. However, the association of glutamate level with MMN has not been directly examined in patients with schizophrenia, to our knowledge.
objectiveTo investigate the contributions of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to MMN and digit sequencing task (DST) performance, an assessment of verbal working memory, in schizophrenia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsFifty-three control participants from the community and 45 persons with schizophrenia from outpatient clinics completed an electroencephalographic session for MMN, magnetic resonance spectroscopy for glutamate and GABA, and a DST. The study dates were July 2011 to May 2014, and the dates of our analysis were May 2014 to August 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Glutamate, GABA, the ratio of glutamine to glutamate, MMN amplitude, and DST. Structural equation modeling was used to test the effects of neurochemistry and MMN amplitude on DST performance.
resultsThe 45 persons with schizophrenia were a mean (SD) of 37.7 (12.8) years and the control participants were 37.1 (13.1) years. The schizophrenia group had a mean (SD) of 14.7 (12.1) years of illness. Mismatch negativity amplitude (F = 4.39, P = .04) and glutamate (F = 9.69, P = .002) were reduced in the schizophrenia group. Smaller MMN amplitude was significantly associated with lower GABA level (P = .008), lower glutamate level (P = .05), and higher ratio of glutamine to glutamate (P = .003). Reduced MMN amplitude was linked to poor verbal working memory in schizophrenia (P = .002). Modeling revealed that a proxy of glutamatergic function, indexed by the ratio of glutamine to glutamate, influenced a path from the ratio of glutamine to glutamate to MMN to verbal working memory (P = .38 [root-mean-square error of approximation, P < .001] by χ2 test), supporting the contention that MMN serves as an intermediate biomarker linking glutamatergic function to DST performance in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The role of glutamate and GABA in MMN and verbal working memory deficits in schizophrenia has been frequently debated. These data provide in vivo evidence that support glutamatergic and GABAergic regulation of MMN and verbal working memory function in schizophrenia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.