ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2016
Efficient neuroplasticity induction in chronic stroke patients by an associative brain-computer interface.
Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of visual skills training on cognitive and executive functions in stroke patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical applications of neurofeedback based on sensorimotor rhythm: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Noninvasive Electroencephalography Equipment for Assistive, Adaptive, and Rehabilitative Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Literature Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immediate and long-term effects of BCI-based rehabilitation of the upper extremity after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review Establishing the Current State-of-the-Art, the Limitations, and the DESIRED Checklist in Studies of Direct Neural Interfacing With Robotic Gait Devices in Stroke Rehabilitation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation on lower limb function and activities of daily living after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- The effect of rehabilitation training based on brain-computer interface on limb function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analyses.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Efficacy of kinesthetic motor imagery based brain computer interface combined with tDCS on upper limb function in subacute stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Motor priming to enhance the effect of physical therapy in people with spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Brain-actuated functional electrical stimulation elicits lasting arm motor recovery after stroke.Nature communications · 2018Trial
- tDCS and Robotics on Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: Effect Modification by Stroke Duration and Type of Stroke.BioMed research international · 2016Trial
- [Emerging role of brain-computer interface in orthopedic rehabilitation and motor function restoration].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Review
- Exploring Kinematics Information Decoding from EEG Slow Cortical Potentials During Movement Imagination and Observation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A lower-limb motor imagery BCI using virtual reality and novel calibration strategy in post-stroke patients.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Transforming Intracerebral Hemorrhage Care with Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Current State of the Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Stroke: A Literature Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Virtual reality mediated brain-computer interface training improves sensorimotor neuromodulation in unimpaired and post spinal cord injury individuals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to improve functionality in chronic stoke patients when applied over a large number of sessions. Here we evaluated the effect and the underlying mechanisms of three BCI training sessions in a double-blind sham-controlled design. The applied BCI is based on Hebbian principles of associativity that hypothesize that neural assemblies activated in a correlated manner will strengthen synaptic connections. Twenty-two chronic stroke patients were divided into two training groups. Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) were detected by electroencephalography during repetitions of foot dorsiflexion. Detection triggered a single electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve timed so that the resulting afferent volley arrived at the peak negative phase of the MRCP (BCIassociative group) or randomly (BCInonassociative group). Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FM), 10-m walking speed, foot and hand tapping frequency, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, and the excitability of the corticospinal tract to the target muscle [tibialis anterior (TA)] were quantified. The TA motor evoked potential (MEP) increased significantly after the BCIassociative intervention, but not for the BCInonassociative group. FM scores (0.8 ± 0.46 point difference, P = 0.01), foot (but not finger) tapping frequency, and 10-m walking speed improved significantly for the BCIassociative group, indicating clinically relevant improvements. Corticospinal tract integrity on DTI did not correlate with clinical or physiological changes. For the BCI as applied here, the precise coupling between the brain command and the afferent signal was imperative for the behavioral, clinical, and neurophysiological changes reported. This association may become the driving principle for the design of BCI rehabilitation in the future. Indeed, no available BCIs can match this degree of functional improvement with such a short intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.