ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
Association of Cigarette Smoking With Interpersonal and Self-Directed Violence in a Large Community-Based Sample.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generalized structural equation modeling of intimate partner violence among married women in East Africa using population-based data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of criminal victimization in Taiwanese outpatients with severe mental illness: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Disentangling the effects of self-control and the use of tobacco and cannabis on violence perpetration from childhood to early adulthood.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- The association between school bullying involvement and Internet addiction among Chinese Southeastern adolescents: a moderated mediation model with depression and smoking.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- It's Not Just Black and White: Identifying the Combined Influence of Multilevel Determinants of Tobacco Use Among Black Adolescents.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2024Article
- Psychopathic Traits Are Associated with Lifetime History of Nicotine Dependence among Incarcerated Offenders.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- Gender differences in the acceptance of wife-beating in Nigeria: evidence from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey.Heliyon · 2021Article
- Risk factors for inducing violence in patients with delirium.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- Higher Levels of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescence are Associated with Younger Onset Age of Violent Criminality: A Follow-Up Study of Former Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2021Article
- Risk of Injury to Others: The Development of an Algorithm to Identify Children and Youth at High-Risk of Aggressive Behaviours.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Risk Factors for Recurrent Injuries from Physical Violence Among African Men in The Gambia.Journal of community health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSubstance use is a major risk factor for various forms of violence, yet how cigarette smoking influences violence outcomes is incompletely understood. We investigated associations between cigarette smoking and three types of violence in a large, nationally representative, community-based sample.
methodsAdult subjects participating in both Wave 1 (2001-2002; N = 43 093) and Wave 2 (2004-2005; N = 34 653) of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were stratified by daily cigarette smoking status at Wave 1, and individuals with unchanged smoking status between waves were analyzed (nonsmokers [consisting of never and former daily smokers]: N = 22 529; daily smokers: N = 7442). We created composites of other- and self-directed violence and victimization occurring between Waves 1 and 2, and performed logistic regression models, controlling for psychiatric diagnoses, alcohol and substance use, and relevant demographic covariates.
resultsDaily smokers at Wave 1 were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.5-3.0), 2.5 (2.1-2.9), and 1.7 (1.5-2.1) times more likely than nonsmokers to report self-directed violence, other-directed violence, or victimization between Waves 1 and 2, respectively. Former daily smokers were significantly less likely to report other-directed violence than individuals who were never daily smokers.
conclusionsDaily cigarette smoking is temporally associated with multiple forms of violence compared to never and former cigarette smokers, even when common covariates associated with violence are controlled. Smoking status should be carefully controlled for in studies designed to identify risk factors for violence, and may be a useful component of violence risk assessment. IMPLICATIONS: The findings suggest that cigarette smoking status should be carefully and systematically controlled for in studies of violence risk factors. The findings also support further investigation of the utility of cigarette smoking status for violence risk assessment, and whether smoking cessation strategies mitigate violence risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.